Chapter 3 Flashcards
Outraged the Athenian assembly who rejected it
This act of submission
The Persian force was decisively defeat by the Athenians at _______ __ _________, ending Persian efforts for the time being.
Battle of Marathon
Themistocles
Use silver from a publicly owned mine to expand the navy
Tasked with avenging his father’s lone defeat at the hands of the Greeks
Xerxes I
31 city-states form a coalition called the _________ ________ to resist the Persian Invasion
Hellenic League
The coalition to be led by the
Spartan King Leonidas
Reasons for Greek victory:
- Greeks had better and more farsighted commanders
- Better armor and Worships, that were more effective in close combat
- Military Alliance that united against a common enemy to preserve their political freedom
Controlled by Athens and consisted of some 300 city-states
Delian League
Controlled by Sparta and consisted of over 50 city-states
Peloponnesian League
The Athenian society was __ percent slaves
40%
The increase in Athenian naval power
Promoted the development of a wider democracy at home but it undermined the democracy of the Delian League
Radical Democracy introduced reforms that challenged traditional understanding of Society
Expand participation to the masses yet reserve select leadership to the elite
Pericles citizenship law
- Restricted Athenian citizenship to those whose parents were both born in Athens
- Law increased the status and desirability of Athenian woman
A covered walkway or portico, offering a protective atmosphere usually located on the edge of the Agora
Stoa
Competitive intellectuals and travelling educators who charged a fee to supplement the limited education then most wealthy young men citizens received
The Sophists
Sophists taught
Above all rhetoric
Was one of the most attractive aspects of sophist
Rhetoric
The father of relativism is
Protagoras
Socrates was the first philosopher to make ________ ___ ______ the main focus of his teachings
Ethics and Morality
Teaching style was a series of relentless questioning
Socratic Method
Father of western medicine
Hippocrates
considered the father of History
Herodotus
violent arrogance that, according to the Greeks drove the competitive spirit to excess
Hubris
Causes of the war
The Spartans were fearful of Athens growing imperial ambitions and the aggressiveness with which Athens dominated the Delian League
The Athenian strategy
- Win a war of attrition using their superior wealth of resources
- Avoid the superior spartan land army
Upon the death an Athenian statesman _____ assumed the control and promptly abandoned Pericles conservative defensive strategy and began an aggressive strategy to the war
Cleon
Following the destruction of the Sicilian Expedition
- Much of Ionia rose in revolt against Athens
- The Syracusans sent their fleet to the Peloponnesians
- The Persians decided to support the Spartans with money and ships
Spartans spare Athens, tear down the long walls and installed an oligarchy of Athenian citizens called
The Thirty-tyrants
The new regime determined to settle the internal strife (desire for revenge) that threatening to tear Athens apart issued first known _____ in Western History
Anesty
After the War Athens found itself right back where it started in 500 B.C.
Fearful of Sparta and worried whether the world’s first democracy could survive
