Chapter 2 Flashcards
Were brought back to build their massive temples and cities
Conquered people
Were among the most ruthless of the ancient middle east
Assyrian Rulers
The largest empire of the ancient world to that point
Cyrus The Great (Kings of Kings)
The Persians, military strengths and culture toleration were the foundations for
Maintaining order in the empire
Governors duties include
- Keeping Order
- Enrolling troops
- Sending revenue to royal treasure
The world is an arena for an ongoing battle for control between divine forces of good and evil
Moral dualism
Israelites had to follow a strict religious and moral code
The 10 Commandments
Throughout this period Jewish prophets preaches their defends were divine punishment for
Negated the Sinai covenant and mistreating the poor
The creation of ________ ______ was the most crucial development for the history not only of Judaism but also Christianity and Islam
Sacred Text
The mycenaean period became the historical setting of much of ancient Greek
Literature and Mythology
The mycenaeans valued war more than
Religion
the Greeks that emerged had lost their writing, eventually adopting the
Phoenician Empire
Competitive individual execellance
Arete
Greece’s most famous author, Homer who wrote the epic poem’s
The Iliad and the Odyssey
the major Theme uniting the Iliad and the Odyssey is
Do not under any circumstances incur the wrath of the gods
The Greeks called their lands ____ and themselves ________
Hellas, Hellenes
They value
Excellence
The Polis
An independent community of citizens inhabiting a city and the surrounding countryside
the Mediterranean climate and the steepness of the terrain limited
Crops and how much of them could be grown
Population increases usually led to population exodus
As a Result
Greek colonies throughout the Mediterranean and black sea
They also valued
Self-Sufficiency or individualism
The Greek Polis was unique in that it was based on the concept of
Citizenship for all its free males
The 3rd thing they valued was
Civic Virtue
There were 3 types of government, in Greek city-states
- Tyrannies
- Oligarchies
- Democracies
Most common form of gov. In Archaic Greek
Oligarchies
Greek honored the gods through publicly funded religious activities called
Cults
The most important Oracle in greece was the
Oracle of Delphi
Sparta, Organized its society with laws directed at a single purpose
Military Readiness
Primitive loyalty was to the _____ not the biological family
- Discipline was harsh
Group
Helots
Slaves of the spartan city-state who were Greek in origin
This trained him for the one honorable occupation for spartan men
An obedient soldier
The spartan gov. was an Oligarchy, consisting of three components
- 2 hereditary prestigious military leaders (called Kings) who served as both the states religious heads and generals of the army
- A council of 28 elders over the age of 60 they make laws
- 5 annually elected magistrates or Ephors (overseers) who made policy and enforced laws
Who became magistrates and judges and run the judicial system by rendering verdicts in disputes and criminal accusations
Archons
Cleisthenes
Father of Athenian Democracy
Whereby a vote from more than 6000 of the citizens would exile a citizen for 10 years
Ostracism
