Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Islam means…

A

submission to God

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2
Q

Followers of Islam are called Muslims, which means…

A

one who submits

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3
Q

1st of the 5 Pillars of Islam is…

A

testimony of faith (the shahada)

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4
Q

2nd of the 5 Pillars of Islam is…

A

salat (daily prayers)

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5
Q

3rd of the 5 Pillars of Islam is…

A

giving zakat (support of the needy)

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6
Q

4th of the 5 Pillars of Islam is…

A

the fast of ramadan

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7
Q

5th of the 5 Pillars of Islam is…

A

hajj or pilgrimage to mecca

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8
Q

Muslims view Muhammad as the…

A

prophet

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9
Q

The holy scripture of Islam is…

A

the Qur’an

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10
Q

Jihad means…

A

striving in the way of God

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11
Q

Muhammad united the tribes as one large tribe through…

A

persuasion, negotiation, and force

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12
Q

External Factors…

A

The Byzantine and Sassanid empires were exhausted from just having fought a bitter war against each other

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13
Q

Spiritual leader of Islam, claiming succession from Muhammad…

A

Caliph

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14
Q

The Division of Islam…

A

Sunni, Shiite

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15
Q

The loss of the Balkans effectively cut the Byzantines off ___ and ___ from the former Western Empire…

A

culturally, economically

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16
Q

The Byzantines were able to repel the Muslim invasion…introduction of a powerful new weapon called…

A

“Greek Fire”

17
Q

Western Europe resulting from the collapse of Rome institutions and the increasing association between politics and religion…

A

Kings sought to bolster their authority through religious means

18
Q

The Pope who had conflicts with the Byzantine emperors over…

A

increasing taxes, priestly marriage, and the worship of icons

19
Q

___ will rank amongst the most powerful men in Merovingian society…

A

Catholic Bishops

20
Q

Charles Martel is called…

A

Charles the Hammer

21
Q

Between 721-725 Martel defeated and incorporated Neustria and Burgundy…

A

critical source of manpower and resources (wealth)

22
Q

During the early Middle Ages, troops were only available…

A

after the crops had been planted and before harvesting time

23
Q

Martel paid for his new army…

A

by confiscating church properties and lands

24
Q

Christians simply call all Muslims ___, meaning Barbarians…

25
___ was the strength of Abdul-Rahman Al Ghafiqi’s army
Cavalry
26
The strength of the Frank army was its…
Infantry foot soldiers
27
Part of Charles Martel’s military Brilliance…
was his ability to pick the time and place of his battles
28
The Turning Point…
Abdul-Rahman Al Ghafiqi was killed
29
Martel became the master of Western Europe and the…
“Defender of the Faith”
30
Charles Martel’s grandson ___ was the greatest king of the Middle Ages…
Charlemagne
31
Significance of Battle of Tours…
The decisive turning point in the struggle against Islam, a struggle which preserved Christianity as the religion of Europe