Chapter 11-13 Flashcards
From Carolingian times, schools existed to educate only
Monks and priests
Universities were self-governing corporations
They regulated discipline, scholastic standards, housing, clothing, and behavior
Gothic Architecture
Gothic churches are also usually bigger than Romanesque churches, have pointed arches, not round arches, and much bigger windows
General Eyre
Group of traveling royal justices who would rule on criminal as well as civil cases
The crown’s right to decide whether to exact personal service or to accept payment in lieu of service
Scutage
Magna Carta
- Protection for the barons from illegal imprisonment
- New taxation only with baronial consent and limitations on scutage
The Magna Carta implied that the
King was not above the law
Monks who join the Franciscan order will be called — from the Latin term for brothers
Friars
Take vows of poverty, they rely exclusively on charitable donations to survive
Mendicants
The Cathars, calling themselves
Christ’s poor
Franciscans and Dominicans
Cathars challenged the efficiency and legitimacy of the church hierarchy
The Northern crusades Northern Europeans
Germans (Teutonic Knights), Denmark, Poland, Sweden
Christians motivated more by
Land seizures
Considered the most powerful Pope of the Medieval period
Pope Innocent III
The Fourth Lateran Council
Church sought to regulate all aspects of European society and promote a fully Christian way of life
The Mongols under their powerful leader — by 1215 the Mongols had conquered most of China
Genghis Khan
Mongols rule, leave the existing Russian government in place
Paid tribute and homage
The most famous of all was the Venetian merchant
Marco Polo
The trade routes between East and West known as the Silk Road
Textiles, ginger, ceramics, copper, silk, and pepper
Ends in 1352 with the deaths of 1/3 to 3/5 of the population
Black Death
Religious zealots who demonstrated their religious fervor and sought atonement for their sins by vigorously whipping themselves in public displays of penance
Flagellant Movement
The Hundred Years War, the war began
French King Philip VI laid claim to Gascony, a fief of the English King Edward III
Resulted in the great English victory at Agincourt 1415
Gives England control over Northern France
Turned the long standing Anglo-French conflict into a religious war
Joan of Arc
The — in 1389 effectively marked the end of Christian resistance south of the Danube River
Battle of Kosovo
The Ottoman’s elite forces, they were originally European Christian children taken by force from their families
Janissaries
Last Byzantine Emperor
Constantine XI
The Turks rename the city
Istanbul
Significance of the fall
- The fall of Constantinople is the event that ended the Middle Ages and started the Renaissance
- Fall of Constantinople closed the trade routes from the East, this forces the Christian West to seek an All-Water Route to the Orient
The Origin of the Renaissance
Florence
Public places such as market places and public square will be called
Piazzas
“Magnificent” He was the most powerful and enthusiastic patron of the Renaissance
Lorenzo de Medici
They were the most infamous family of Renaissance Italy
The House of Borgia
These 3 countries will battle one another for supremacy of the America’s for over 300 years
Spain, France, England
The English defeat of the 100 Years War
England
For the next 30 years
War of the Roses
