Chapter 4

Question 1

by 383, Athens and her allies are defeated at the battle of Chaeronea, by the armies of ____________, effectively ending Athenian independence

Answer 1

King Philip ΙΙ of Macedonia

Question 2

Plato argues against democracy

Answer 2

for Plato, democracy allows uneducated, irrational, and injudicious citizens to make decisions

Question 3

those who attain the hugest level of knowledge should rule as

Answer 3

philosopher kings

Question 4

the reasons for the rise of Macedonian power

Answer 4

• they were hardier (tougher) than their Greek neighbors south, due to the harsher, more continental climate in the north.
• the disunity of the southern Greek states
• the rise of king Philip ΙΙ

Question 5

his military reforms:

Answer 5

• Philip was the first in the ancient world to create a professional army.
• he nearly doubled the length of the spears in the traditional Greek phalanx.
• used the cavalry as a strike force to soften up the enemy

Question 6

Philip feared his powerfully strengthened army

Answer 6

would cause instability within his kingdom if they had nothing to do

Question 7

with the new of Philip’s death, the southern Greek states defected from the Macedonian alliance

Answer 7

in 335, alexander destroyed Thebes

Question 8

to demonstrate the price for disloyalty and rebellion

Answer 8

in 335, alexander destroyed Thebes

Question 9

in 343, philip chose ______ as alexander’s tutor

Answer 9

Aristotle

Question 10

alexander was able to inspire his troops

Answer 10

• by recklessly exposing himself to danger
• fighting alongside them
• sharing their hardships and burdens

Question 11

alexander revealed his strategy for ruling a vast empire. he left Greeks and Macedonians in high-ranking bureaucratic positions who

Answer 11

• were more loyal to Greece than the local inhabitants
• this made the Greek language the universal language of the upper ranks throughout the empire

Question 12

alexander founded some twenty cities that bore his name, most of them east of the Tigris. the first, and the greatest, was _________, which would become one of the leading mediterranean cities

Answer 12

Alexandria in Egypt

Question 13

Hellenization

Answer 13

is the process of spreading Greek culture by encouraging non-Greeks to live as Greeks

Question 14

viewing his dazzling array of conquests, alexander ultimately began to believe that he was in fact

Answer 14

a god himself

Question 15

a ruler who holds absolute power, typically will exercise it in a cruel or oppressive way

Answer 15

despots

Question 16

hellenistic rulers spread greek culture by building

Answer 16

gymnasiums, temples, theaters, and other public works projects