Chapter 10 Flashcards
Medieval fairs
Served as marketplaces
Towns and cities, they tend to be located near sources of wealth and trade, such as
-monasteries
-castles
-rivers
-seas
Long distance trade routes dominated by
The Italians
Guilds
Were trade organizations that set prices, regulated working conditions, and determined quality
Iron became readily available to produce new improved
-Iron plows
-Weapons
-Armor
Reasons for underlying church reform
-commercial revolution made the church corrupt
-the appointment of religious leaders by secular rulers
Simony
The sale of church offices
Was the most significant conflict between Church and state in medieval Europe
Investiture Conflict
Concordat of Worms and it’s significance
Strengthen the Pope’s position as head of the Western Church
The Great Schism of 1054
Occurred when a representative of the Roman Pope excommunicated the Patriarch of Constantinople, and the Patriarch excommunicated the Roman Pope in return
The immediate trigger
The growing power of the Seljuk Turks
This will become the rallying cry for the crusaders throughout the crusades
God wills it
Is a way to reduce the amount of punishment one has to undergo for sins
Indulgences
Pope’s motives
-The overwhelming number of mercenary armies and knights with no lords to serve threatened to destabilize an already fragile political arrangement
-To win Christian control of Jerusalem and the Holy Land
-Strengthen the papacies military and political position
Pope issues several Papal dispensations; “The right of the road”
The freedom to travel throughout Europe unmolested
Pogroms
State organized massacres, especially of Jews
Godfrey of Bouillon took the title
King of Jerusalem
Military-religious orders of the crusaders, these military orders formed
To protect the christian states in the holy land and christian pilgrims to the holy land
Legends of its secret rituals, huge wealth and lost treasures have long fascinated conspiracy theorists for centuries
The Knights Templar
Set up a string of hospitals along the pilgrimage route from Europe to Jerusalem
Knights Hospitaller
Membership of the order was small and confined to Germans
The Teutonic Knights
At the Battle of Hattin, he largely annihilated the combined armies
Saladin
The Legacy of the Crusades
- The crusaders enhance the wealth and power of the Italian city-states particularly Venice, making the Venetians a super state in the Mediterranean
- The crusaders exacerbated the political disunity of the Sunni and Shi’ite Muslims
- Ignited a commercial dependence of eastern goods that will eventually lead to the age of discovery
With the support of the nobles, Harold grabbed the crown and the day after Edward’s burial, Harold, in the presence of all nobles, was crowned at
Westminster Abbey
William of Normandy was crowned King of England in Westminster Abbey
On Christmas Day 1066
Significance of the Battle
- English political shift from Scandinavian world to Continental Europe
- The Domesday Book
- The Birth of the Modern English Language
