middle adulthood Flashcards
end of menstruation and reproductive capacity
menopause
gradual changes of ovarian function that start before menopause and continue for a while
climacteric
hormonal changes will take place associated with symptoms which decrease quality of life, and with metabolic changes increase risk of chronic diseases
perimenopause
average range of menopause
early 50s
general range of menopause
42-58
asian women report fewer hot flashes because
diets high in soy-based foods rich in plant estrogen
hormone therapy options for menopause
1) ERT
2) HRT
ERT
estrogen replacement therapy
who is ERT for
people with hysterectomies
HRT
hormone replacement therapy (estrogen/progesterone)
who is HRT for
increase bone density
most deadly cancer?
lung cancer (2nd most common behind skin cancer)
lung cancer so deadly because
more advanced when found
3 mutations that lead to cancer
1) oncogenes
2) tumour suppressor genes
3) stability genes
mutation turns cells into tumor cells
oncogenes
directly undergo abnormal cell duplication
oncogenes
estrogen + progesterone (to minimize chances of endometrial cancer)
HRT
more likely to develop in postmenopausal women
osteoporosis
these mutations fail to keep genetic alterations to a minimum
stability genes
these mutations fail to keep oncogenes from multiplying
tumor suppressor genes
primary aging that causes farsightedness
presbyopia
cochlear deterioration
presbycusis
women 7%-35% from middle to late adulthood
more likely to develop osteoporosis bc decreased estrogen in menopause
prevention and treatment of osteoporosis
resistance training, weight-bearing exercise, bone-strengthening meds, calcium and vitamin d
fluid intelligence
tools to help you learn
crystallized intelligence
actual learning that has occurred
basic info processing, ability to detect relationships among stimuli, capacity of working memory, speed of analyzing info
fluid intelligence
knowledge gained through experience
crystallized intelligence
extensive, organized, integrated knowledge base used to support superior performance
expertise
when does expertise start to develop?
early adulthood and peaks in mid adulthood
small amount of info that can be held and used in execution of small tasks
working memory
when does working memory peak
early 20s and then slowly declines
old eyes
presbyopia
lens loses ability to adjust its size and accommodate for objects at varying distances
presbyopia
gender more prone to visual disorders
women
old hearing
presbycusis
gender more prone to presbycusis
men because occupational noise, high bp, smokers
skin changes in mid adulthood
age spots
3 layers of skin
1) epidermis
2) permis
3) hypodermis
intense self doubt and inner turmoil, RARE
midlife crisis
midlife transition
time left, subtle changes, common
honeymoon period of midlife crisis
1-11/2 years then habituates
men who act on MC
early - mid 40s
women who act on MC
late 40/ early 50s
3 things abandoned in MC
1) value system
2) family
3) occupation
satisfaction with work itself increases with
happy employees
burnout
long term job stress leads to mental exhaustion (helping professions esp)
career changes at midlife are seldom:
radial
in mid adulthood, gender identity is more
androgynous
why more androgynous
1) sex hormones down
2) benefits of being married
3) parental imperative theory - maintain traditional gender roles during active parenting years to ensure survival traits
4) life experiences - treats things about both gender and optimize both
big 5 personality traits
OCEAN
1) openness to exp
2) conscientiousness
3) extroversion
4) agreeableness
5) neuroticism
which big 5 traits decline with age
neuroticism, extroversion, and openness to experience
which big 5 increase with age
agreeableness (with kids) and conscientiousness (peaks at midlife)
marital satisfaction __________ because more money and more time
increases
person in family who keeps family connected
kinkeeper
why is contact with kids out of house important for parents
psychological well-being
sandwich generation
middle-aged adults care for generations above and below them at the same time
daughters in sandwich generation
1) nurturing - more obligated
2) women live longer - same-sex experience
3) more flexible time
sons in sandwich generation
1) managing finances
2) home repairs/upkeep
toxic ingredient of type A behavior patterns
hostility
impact of hostility on overall health
higher BP, athersclerosis, strokes. CV issues like artery plaque buildup, heart disease, CV arousal
3 ways creativity changes with age
1) young - creativity is spontaneous and emotion-directed
2) shift from making unusual products to channeling their vast knowledge into unique ways of thinking. less on making something new and more on creating something reflective of life experience
3) as creators age, they move from egocentric self-expression to outward focused goals. older creators have an increased desire to make life better because they no longer have mindset that life is eternal
erikson’s psychological conflict of midlife
generativity vs. stagnation
generativity
reaching out to others to help and guide up-and-coming generation
expanding circle of influence beyond themselves and their partner, devoting more time to family and community. personal goals aligned with needs of larger society
generativity
occurs when adults are self-absorbed and disinterested in next generation.
stagnation
common gratifications of grand parenthood
1) valued older adults
2) immortality through descendants
3) reinvolvement with personal past
4) indulgence
change in sibling relationships to middle adulthood
contact and support decline (busyness and proximity) but feel drawn closer together through major life experiences. responsible for maintaining ties throughout changes
rewards lost with retirement
income and work status
what to plan for with retirement
identify goals for future and plan financially
sense of purpose is compromised
individual fails to plan for retirement
those who plan how they want to spend their time and remain active in retirement are :
happier, higher self-esteem, greater psychological and social health
