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late adulthood Flashcards

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1
Q

central vision blurry (light sensitive cells break down)

A

macular degeneration

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2
Q

leading cause of blindness

A

macular degeneration

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3
Q

cloudy eyes

A

cataracts

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4
Q

breathing stops for +10 sec, brief awake

A

sleep apnea

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5
Q

who has higher sleep disturbances up until 70-80

A

men

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6
Q

treatment for sleep apnea

A

CPAP - continuous positive airway pressure
- provides air @ pressure just high enough to prevent collapse of airway

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7
Q

alzheimer’s disease

A

neurofibrillary tangles (inside neurons) collapsed neural structures with abnormal forms of tav (a protein)
amyloid plaques (outside neurons) dense deposits of deteriorated protein (amyloid) surrounded by clumps of dead neurons and glial cells

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8
Q

doctors inspect brain after death for causes or results of what disease?

A

alzheimer’s

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9
Q

when is alzheimer’s diagnosis definitive?

A

by brain autopsy after death

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10
Q

perpetrator of elder abuse

A

mentally or financially dependent on victim

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11
Q

victim of elder abuse

A

very old, frail, mentally impaired, physically impaired

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12
Q

types of elder abuse

A

1) physical
2) physical neglect
3) emotional abuse
4) financial abuse
5) sexual abuse

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13
Q

most common reported types of abuse

A

financial, emotional, and neglect

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14
Q

intentional or unintentional failure to fulfill caregiving obligations, resulting in lack of food, medication, or health services or in the older person being left alone

A

physical abuse

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15
Q

emotional abuse

A

verbal assaults, name calling, humiliation, intimidation

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16
Q

financial abuse

A

illegal or improper exploitation of aging person’s property or financial resources, through theft or use without consent

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17
Q

unwanted sexual contact of any kind

A

sexual abuse

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18
Q

most restrictive housing option for older adults

A

nursing homes

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19
Q

4 theories of aging

A

1) disengagement theory
2) activity theory
3) continuity theory
4) socioemotional selectivity theory

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20
Q

activity levels and interactions decrease and they become more preoccupied with their personal lives as they reach the end

A

disengagement theory

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21
Q

choice of their social interactions is based on a lifelong selection process

A

socioemotional selectivity

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22
Q

a search to find others in order to stay active, that also promote life satisfaction

A

activity theory

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23
Q

strive to maintain personal relationships, interests, roles, and identity

A

continuity

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24
Q

mutually withdraw

A

disengagement theory

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25
Q

more selective

A

socioemotional selectivity theory

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26
Q

social barriers

A

activity theory

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27
Q

continue

A

continuity theory

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28
Q

gender more affected by poor marriage

A

women

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29
Q

gender most effected by widowhood

A

men

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30
Q

why men more affected by widowhood

A

LESS PREPARED
1) rely on wives for social connectedness, household tasks, promotion of healthy behaviors, coping with stressors
2) gender-role expectations lead men to feel less free to express emotions or ask for help
3) men less involved in religious activities

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31
Q

difference between euthanasia and MAID?

A

who administers (maid self administered)

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32
Q

active voluntary and involuntary are forms of

A

mercy killing, illegal

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33
Q

difference between active and passive

A

active (deliberate action), passive (withhold or withdraw)

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34
Q

ending life sustaining treatment voluntary would require

A

living will (dnr) or power of attorney for hc (agent)
no treatment

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35
Q

passive involuntary would be

A

turning off machines

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36
Q

family life cycle #4

A

launching children and moving on
(longest phase)

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37
Q

erikson conflict of late adulthood

A

egointegrity vs. despair

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38
Q

egointegrity

A

evaluate positive and negative to equal a whole and complete experience

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39
Q

despair

A

more pessimistic, too many poor choices

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40
Q

high in reminiscence (teaching others about past)

A

african american and chinese immigrants

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41
Q

peck’s 3 tasks leading to egointegrity

A

1) ego differentiation vs. work-role preoccupation
2) body transcendence vs. body preoccupation
3) ego transcendence vs. ego preoccupation

42
Q

other ways of affirming self worth in late life (hobbies & leisure, volunteering, grand parenthood)

A

ego differentiation

43
Q

accept aging body and sensory, mobility, and appearance changes

A

body transcendence

44
Q

finding purpose and meaning in own life as loved ones die

A

ego transcendence

45
Q

which of pecks conflicts contributes to elder suicide

A

ego preoccupation

46
Q

attempts to completion rates for suicide for adolescents vs elders

A

300 to 1
4 to 1

47
Q

male to female suicides for adolescents vs elders

A

adolescents - 5 to 1
elders - 10 to 1

48
Q

how do elders indirectly contribute to own death

A

stop food, water, meds

49
Q

what events spur elder suicide

A

1) loss of spouse
2) terminal/chronic illness

50
Q

kubler-ross theory of dying

A

1) denial and isolation
2) anger
3) bargaining
4) depression
5) acceptance

51
Q

person aware of terminal illness, may not go through each step and order differs

A

kubler-ross theory of dying

52
Q

temporary shock response to bad news, isolation arises from people even family members, avoiding

A

denial and isolation

53
Q

resentment and fury that time is short, goals may not be accomplished, unfairness of death

A

anger

54
Q

negotiation for an extended life is made with higher power in exchange for reformed lifestyle

A

bargaining

55
Q

individual may become silent, refuse visitors and spend much of the time crying and grieving. dying person disconnects

A

depression

56
Q

come to terms with inevitable death, calm and peace, spend remaining time with a few family members and friends

A

acceptance

57
Q

children’s understanding of death

A

1) nonfunctionality
2) finality
3) universality
4) applicability
5) causation

58
Q

all living functions cease at death

A

nonfunctionality

59
Q

once a living thing dies, it cannot be brought back to life

A

finality

60
Q

all living things die eventually

A

universality

61
Q

death only applies to living things

A

applicability

62
Q

death is caused by the breakdown of bodily functioning through a wide variety of internal and external cues

A

causation

63
Q

hardest for children to understand :

A

applicability and causation

64
Q

how can we help children understand death?

A
  • teach about biology
  • be truthful and sensitive
  • be culturally sensitive
65
Q

the experience of losing a loved one by death

A

bereavement

66
Q

physical and psychological distress

A

grief

67
Q

culturally specified expression of bereaved person’s thoughts and feelings

A

mourning

68
Q

stages of grief

A

1) avoidance
2) confrontation
3) restoration

69
Q

a sense of loss without the opportunity to mourn publicly and receive support

A

disenfranchised grief

70
Q

acknowledging that the loss is inevitable and preparing emotionally first

A

anticipatory grief

71
Q

compression of morbidity

A

public health goal to decrease the number of months or years of ill-health and suffering (average period of diminished vigour before death)

72
Q

remembering to engage in planned actions for the future

A

prospective memory

73
Q

dependent behaviors are attended to immediately

A

dependent support script

74
Q

independent behaviors mostly ignored

A

independent-ignore script

75
Q

two complementary behavior patterns for people interacting with older adults in private homes and institutions and reinforce dependent behavior

A

1) dependency-support script
2) independence-ignore script

76
Q

irreversible cessation of all activity in the brain and brain stem (controls reflexes)

A

brain death

77
Q

brain stem still active, but cerebral cortex no longer registers electrically activity

A

persistent vegetative state

78
Q

goals of hospice

A

provide a caring community sensitive to dying persons needs so patients and family members can prepare for death in ways satisfying to them. increase quality of life

79
Q

specifics treatments that people do or do not want in case of terminal illness, coma, or other near-death situation

A

living will

80
Q

authorizes appointment for another person (usually family) to make HC decisions on one’s behalf

A

durable power of attorney for health care

81
Q

most difficult loss an adult can face

A

death of a child
1) extension of parents feelings about themselves
2) unmatched source of love
3) unnatural, kids aren’t meant to die before parents

82
Q

basic tasks that an individual needs to be independent and self-sufficient
- getting dressed, bathing, sitting, getting into bed, eating

A

ADL’s

83
Q

tasks that are needed to keep daily life running normally and productively. require cognitive capability.
- shopping, preparing food, talking on phone, taking care of finances

A

IADL’s

84
Q

aging that occurs universally, regardless of health or other factors

A

primary aging

85
Q

aging that takes place due to environmental or genetic factors

A

secondary aging

86
Q

aging that takes place due to biological makeup

A

primary aging

87
Q

aging through lifestyle and environmental choices

A

secondary aging

88
Q

what causes variety in secondary aging

A

different heritability and environmental influences from person to person

89
Q

5 leading causes of death

A

1) heart disease
2) cancer
3) chronic respiratory diseases
4) stroke
5) alzheimer’s disease

90
Q

gender higher in death due to stroke and alzheimer’s

A

women

91
Q

indirect effects on elders after they experience a fall

A

fear of falling evoked. causes elder to avoid activities that might lead to falling again, so they are limited in mobility and socialization. cause both physical and psychological detriments to the elder

92
Q

which mental abilities decline earlier

A

ones that need fluid intelligence

93
Q

how do mental abilities that depend on crystallized intelligence last longer

A

used and practiced

94
Q

what offsets loss of fluid intelligence

A

retaining of crystallized abilities

95
Q

focusing on goals and using diminished energy on activities that are most valuable to them. finding ways to compensate for losses

A

selective optimization with compensation

96
Q

capacity made up of multiple cognitive and personality traits

A

wisdom

97
Q

5 ingredients of wisdom

A

1) breadth and depth of practical knowledge
2) ability to reflect and apply that knowledge to make life more bearable and worthwhile
3) emotional maturity (listen patiently and empathetically)
4) ability to give sound advice
5) altruistic creativity

98
Q

crimes seniors are most likely the target of

A

purse snatching or pickpocketing

99
Q

limits activities elders participate in and tears down their morale, causes great anxiety because of physical and financial danger

A

fear of crime

100
Q

factors affecting decision to retire

A

affordability, personal life, work environment and satisfaction, societal retirement benefits, gender, and ethnicity

101
Q

important for retirement adjustment

A

internally motivated to pursue new hobbies or interest and have social support through friends and shared activities, happy marriage

102
Q

who is more engaged in leisure activities and volunteer work in retirement

A

high in self-efficacy

psych 201 (12 decks)

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