Microbiology Powerpoint Flashcards
Mutual opposition or contrary action. The inhibition of one bacterial organism by another
Antagonism
The symbiotic relationship of two organisms of different species in which one gains some benefit such as protection or nourishment
Commensalism
A relationship in which organisms of two different species live in close association to the mutual benefit of each
Mutualism
An interactive relationship between two organisms in which one is harmed and the other benefits
Parasitism
The living together in close association of different species
Symbiosis
The harmonious action of two microorganisms producing an effect that neither could produce alone
Synergism
A chemical or physical agent that kills disease causing microorganisms generally used on inanimate objects
Disinfectant
The destruction of infectious agents by chemical or physical means directly applied to an inanimate object
Disinfection
Disease that occurs continuously in a particular region but has low mortality
Endemic
Appearance of an infectious disease or condition that attacks many people at the same time in the same geographical area
Epidemic
A disease affecting the majority of the population of a large region or one that is epidemic at the same time in many different parts of the world
Pandemic
An endemic is
Chronic
An epidemic is
Acute
A pandemic is
Acute
Produced or arising from within a cell or organism
Endogenous Infection
Originating outside an organ or part
Exogenous Infection
Glycoprotein substance developed in response to and interacting specifically with an antigen
Antibody aka Immunoglobulin
A foreign substance that stimulates the formation of antibodies that interact specifically with it
Antigen
Relative power and degree of pathogenicity possessed by organisms to produce disease
Virulence
Dilution or weakening of virulence of a microorganism, reducing or abolishing pathogenicity
Attenuation
Increase in severity of a disease
Exacerbation
Any rod shaped microorganism
Bacillus (pl. Bacilli)
A type of bacteria that is spherical or ovoid in form
Coccus (pl. Cocci)
The presence of viable bacteria in the blood stream
Bacteremia
Condition characterized by the multiplication of bacteria in blood
Septicemia
Bacteria in the blood and/or tissues
Sepsis
An arthropod vector in which the disease causing organism multiplies or develops within the arthropod prior to becoming infective for a susceptible individual (incubation)
Biological Vector
A living organism or an object that is capable of transmitting infections by carrying the disease agent on its external body parts or surface
Mechanical Vector
Bacteria that prefers moderate temperatures and develops best at temperatures between 25 and 40 degrees C
Mesophile
Bacteria that thrive best at high temperatures between 40 and 70 degrees C
Thermophile
Bacterial toxin confined within the body of a bacterium freed only when the bacterium is broken down, found only in gram negative bacteria
Endotoxin
A toxin produced by a microorganism and excreted into its surrounding medium, generally protein in nature
Exotoxin
One in which the organisms are originally confined to one area but enter the blood or lymph vessel and spread to other parts of the body
Focal Infection
Infection caused by germs lodging and multiplying at one point in a tissue and remaining there
Local Infection
Infection caused by two or more organisms
Mixed Infection
A group of diverse and widespread unicellular and multicellular organisms, lacing chlorophyll, usually bearing spores and often filamentous
Fungus (pl. fungi)
One celled organisms of the Kingdom Protista - most are unicellular although some are colonial
Protozoa
An original infection from which a second one originates
Primary Infection
Infection caused by a different organism than the one causing the primary infection
Secondary INfection
A genus of GRAM-POSITIVE non-motile, opportunistic bacteria which tend to aggregate in irregular, GRAPE-LIKE clusters
Staphylococcus
A genus of bacteria containing GRAM-NEGATIVE rods, which form a CHAIN-LIKE colony
Streptobacilli
GRAM-POSITIVE cocci that occur in CHAINS
Streptococci
Localized accumulation of pus
Abscess
A sac within or on the body surface containing air or fluid
Cyst
A small elevation of the skin containing pus
Pustule
An open sore or lesion of skin or mucous membrane accompanied by sloughing of inflamed necrotic tissue
Ulcer
Blister-like elevation of skin containing serous fluid
Vesicle
Necrotic tissue that is wet as a result of inadequate venous drainage; may be accompanied by the invasion of saprophytic bacteria
Wet Gangrene
Condition that results when the body part that dies had little blood and remains aseptic and occurs when the arteries but not the veins are obstructed
Dry Gangrene (Ischemic Necrosis)
What disease makes a person susceptible to dry gangrene/ischemic necrosis?
Diabetes
Disease of the arteries resulting in thickening and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls
Arteriosclerosis
A form of vascular disease marked by the deposition of lipids in the inner layer of arterial walls
Atherosclerosis
Free floating object in the bloodstream
Embolism
The formation or presence of an attached blood clot
Thrombosis
Embolism usually occurs in the
Veins
Thrombosis usually occurs in the
Arteries
Pus in the pleural cavity
Empyema
Accumulation of free serous fluid in the abdominal cavity
Ascites
Abnormal accumulation o fluid within the pericardial sac
Hypopericardium
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the thoracic cavity
Hydrothorax
The pleural cavity deals with?
Lungs
The increased size of an organ or part due to the excessive but regulated increase in the number of its cells
Hyperplasia
Underdevelopment of a tissue, organ, or the body
Hypoplasia
Organ developed, then shrank
Atrophy
Infection acquired in a hospital
Nosocomial
Results from the adverse activity of medical personnel
Iatrogenic
Of unknown cause
Idiopathic
Disease characterized by the appearance of great numbers of immature and abnormal white blood cells
Leukemia
Increase in the number of white blood cells in the blood
Leucocytosis
Abnormal reduction in the number of white blood cells in the blood
Leucopenia
Relative incidence of a disease in the population or number of cases in a given time at a given population
Morbidity Rate
Number of deaths in a given time or place or proportion of deaths to a population
Mortality Rate
Inflammation of bone and bone marrow
Osteomyelitis
Loss of bone density
Osteoporosis
Antemortem, pinpoint, extravascular blood discoloration visible as purplish hemorrhages of the skin
Petechia
Postmoertem bruises
Tardieu Spots
Condition in which spontaneous bleeding occurs in the subcutaneous tissues, causing the appearance of purple patches on the skin
Purpura
