Microbiology Powerpoint Flashcards by Emily Thomas

Mutual opposition or contrary action. The inhibition of one bacterial organism by another

Antagonism

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The symbiotic relationship of two organisms of different species in which one gains some benefit such as protection or nourishment

Commensalism

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A relationship in which organisms of two different species live in close association to the mutual benefit of each

Mutualism

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An interactive relationship between two organisms in which one is harmed and the other benefits

Parasitism

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The living together in close association of different species

Symbiosis

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The harmonious action of two microorganisms producing an effect that neither could produce alone

Synergism

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A chemical or physical agent that kills disease causing microorganisms generally used on inanimate objects

Disinfectant

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The destruction of infectious agents by chemical or physical means directly applied to an inanimate object

Disinfection

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Disease that occurs continuously in a particular region but has low mortality

Endemic

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Appearance of an infectious disease or condition that attacks many people at the same time in the same geographical area

Epidemic

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A disease affecting the majority of the population of a large region or one that is epidemic at the same time in many different parts of the world

Pandemic

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An endemic is

Chronic

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An epidemic is

Acute

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A pandemic is

Acute

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Produced or arising from within a cell or organism

Endogenous Infection

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Originating outside an organ or part

Exogenous Infection

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Glycoprotein substance developed in response to and interacting specifically with an antigen

Antibody aka Immunoglobulin

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A foreign substance that stimulates the formation of antibodies that interact specifically with it

Antigen

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Relative power and degree of pathogenicity possessed by organisms to produce disease

Virulence

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Dilution or weakening of virulence of a microorganism, reducing or abolishing pathogenicity

Attenuation

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Increase in severity of a disease

Exacerbation

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Any rod shaped microorganism

Bacillus (pl. Bacilli)

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A type of bacteria that is spherical or ovoid in form

Coccus (pl. Cocci)

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The presence of viable bacteria in the blood stream

Bacteremia

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Condition characterized by the multiplication of bacteria in blood

Septicemia

Bacteria in the blood and/or tissues

Sepsis

An arthropod vector in which the disease causing organism multiplies or develops within the arthropod prior to becoming infective for a susceptible individual (incubation)

Biological Vector

A living organism or an object that is capable of transmitting infections by carrying the disease agent on its external body parts or surface

Mechanical Vector

Bacteria that prefers moderate temperatures and develops best at temperatures between 25 and 40 degrees C

Mesophile

Bacteria that thrive best at high temperatures between 40 and 70 degrees C

Thermophile

Bacterial toxin confined within the body of a bacterium freed only when the bacterium is broken down, found only in gram negative bacteria

Endotoxin

A toxin produced by a microorganism and excreted into its surrounding medium, generally protein in nature

Exotoxin

One in which the organisms are originally confined to one area but enter the blood or lymph vessel and spread to other parts of the body

Focal Infection

Infection caused by germs lodging and multiplying at one point in a tissue and remaining there

Local Infection

Infection caused by two or more organisms

Mixed Infection

A group of diverse and widespread unicellular and multicellular organisms, lacing chlorophyll, usually bearing spores and often filamentous

Fungus (pl. fungi)

One celled organisms of the Kingdom Protista - most are unicellular although some are colonial

Protozoa

An original infection from which a second one originates

Primary Infection

Infection caused by a different organism than the one causing the primary infection

Secondary INfection

A genus of GRAM-POSITIVE non-motile, opportunistic bacteria which tend to aggregate in irregular, GRAPE-LIKE clusters

Staphylococcus

A genus of bacteria containing GRAM-NEGATIVE rods, which form a CHAIN-LIKE colony

Streptobacilli

GRAM-POSITIVE cocci that occur in CHAINS

Streptococci

Localized accumulation of pus

Abscess

A sac within or on the body surface containing air or fluid

Cyst

A small elevation of the skin containing pus

Pustule

An open sore or lesion of skin or mucous membrane accompanied by sloughing of inflamed necrotic tissue

Ulcer

Blister-like elevation of skin containing serous fluid

Vesicle

Necrotic tissue that is wet as a result of inadequate venous drainage; may be accompanied by the invasion of saprophytic bacteria

Wet Gangrene

Condition that results when the body part that dies had little blood and remains aseptic and occurs when the arteries but not the veins are obstructed

Dry Gangrene (Ischemic Necrosis)

What disease makes a person susceptible to dry gangrene/ischemic necrosis?

Diabetes

Disease of the arteries resulting in thickening and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls

Arteriosclerosis

A form of vascular disease marked by the deposition of lipids in the inner layer of arterial walls

Atherosclerosis

Free floating object in the bloodstream

Embolism

The formation or presence of an attached blood clot

Thrombosis

Embolism usually occurs in the

Veins

Thrombosis usually occurs in the

Arteries

Pus in the pleural cavity

Empyema

Accumulation of free serous fluid in the abdominal cavity

Ascites

Abnormal accumulation o fluid within the pericardial sac

Hypopericardium

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the thoracic cavity

Hydrothorax

The pleural cavity deals with?

Lungs

The increased size of an organ or part due to the excessive but regulated increase in the number of its cells

Hyperplasia

Underdevelopment of a tissue, organ, or the body

Hypoplasia

Organ developed, then shrank

Atrophy

Infection acquired in a hospital

Nosocomial

Results from the adverse activity of medical personnel

Iatrogenic

Of unknown cause

Idiopathic

Disease characterized by the appearance of great numbers of immature and abnormal white blood cells

Leukemia

Increase in the number of white blood cells in the blood

Leucocytosis

Abnormal reduction in the number of white blood cells in the blood

Leucopenia

Relative incidence of a disease in the population or number of cases in a given time at a given population

Morbidity Rate

Number of deaths in a given time or place or proportion of deaths to a population

Mortality Rate

Inflammation of bone and bone marrow

Osteomyelitis

Loss of bone density

Osteoporosis

Antemortem, pinpoint, extravascular blood discoloration visible as purplish hemorrhages of the skin

Petechia

Postmoertem bruises

Tardieu Spots

Condition in which spontaneous bleeding occurs in the subcutaneous tissues, causing the appearance of purple patches on the skin

Purpura