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MORS 200 - Sciences > Chemistry Powerpoint > Flashcards

Chemistry Powerpoint Flashcards

1
Q

Group of chemicals used in addition to vascular and cavity embalming fluids

A

Accessory Chemical

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2
Q

Accessory Chemicals include but are not limited to

A 
Hardening compounds
Preservative Powders
Sealing agents
Mold Preventative Agents
Pack Application Agents
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3
Q

Accessory Chemicals are anything not ________________

A

Arterially Injected and not cavity

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4
Q

Chemicals added to the embalming solution to deal with varying demands predicated upon the type of embalming, the environment and the embalming fluid to be used

A

Modifying Agents

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5
Q

Modifying Agents come how?

A

Pre-mixed in a bottle

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6
Q

Fluid injected for purposes other than preservation and disinfection

A

Supplemental Fluid

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7
Q

Supplemental Fluids come generally fall into one of three categories

A

Pre-injection
Co-injection
Humectants/Restorative Fluids

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8
Q

Supplemental fluids come how?

A

In a separate bottle

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9
Q

What is Arrhenius’ definition of an Acid?

A

A substance that yields hydrogen or hydronium ions in a/an water/aqeuous solution

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10
Q

What is the Bronsted-Lowry definition of an Acid?

A

A substance that donates a proton

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11
Q

What is the Lewis definition of an Acid?

A

A substance that accepts a pair of electrons

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12
Q

Dyes which aid in restoring a life-like surface pigmentation to a body and also stain the body tissue cells

A

Active Dyes
Staining Dyes
Cosmetic Dyes

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13
Q

Are used to distinguish the difference between various chemicals

A

Passive Dyes

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14
Q

Natural or synthetic that is used to impart a color to another material

A

Dye

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15
Q

A wax-like material produced by saponification of body fat in a body buried in alkaline soil

A

Adipocere (Grave Wax)

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16
Q

Adipocere is the

A

End product

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17
Q

What is the process leading to adipocere?

A

Saponification

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18
Q

Thre reaction between a fat and a strong base to produce glycerl and the salt of a fatty acid (soap)

A

Saponification

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19
Q

Intravascular; the increase of viscosity of blood brought about by the clumping of particulate formed elements in the blood vessels

A

Agglutination

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20
Q

The process of converting soluble protein to insoluble protein by heating or by contact with a chemical such as an alcohol or an aldehyde

A

Coagulation

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21
Q

What is the general term for blood clots?

A

Congealing

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22
Q

A protein found throughout the body and is highly susceptible to decomposition

A

Albumin

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23
Q

Albumins are

A

Soluble

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24
Q

Albuminoids are

A

Insoluble

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25
Q

Proteins that have been cross-linked by preservatives to become highly unsceptible to decomposition

A

Albuminoids

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26
Q

A saturated hydrocarbon

A

Alkane

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27
Q

A hydrocarbon that has no carbon-carbon multiple bonds

A

Alkane

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28
Q

Formerly called the paraffin series

A

Alkane

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29
Q

A hydrocarbon containing a double bond

A

Alkene

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30
Q

A hydrocarbon containing a triple bond

A

Alkyne

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31
Q

This is less dangerous than beta and Gamma radiation

A

Alpha Radiation

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32
Q

This is more dangerous than alpha radiation but less dangerous than gamma rays

A

Beta Radiation

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33
Q

This is more dangerous than Beta and Alpha radiation.

A

Gamma Radiation

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34
Q

Gamma radiation is a type of

A

Electromagnetic Radiation

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35
Q

A building up process

A

Anabolism

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36
Q

Breaking down process

A

Catabolism

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37
Q

The study of all the enzymatically controlled reactions in a living cell

A

Metabolism

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38
Q

Body temperature in life is

A

98.6

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39
Q

Directly after death, the body temperature _____

A

Rises

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40
Q

The immediate rising of body temperature after death is which process

A

Anabolism

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41
Q

The body temperature after death maxes out at about

A

100 degrees

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42
Q

The rise in temperature after death is also known as

A

Postmortem Caloricity

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43
Q

After maxing out at 100 degrees, the body temperature drops back down to 98.6, which is known as

A

Catabolism

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44
Q

After the completion of catabolism, the body temperature drops below 98.6, which is known as

A

Livor Mortis

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45
Q

Ingredient of embalming fluids that retards the natural postmortem tendency of blood to become more viscous or prevents adverse reactions between blood and other embalming chemicals

A

Anticoagulant

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46
Q

Anticoagulants can be

A

Pre-injection or co-injection

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47
Q

Co-injections are injected when?

A

With the arterial fluid

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48
Q

The smallest particle of an element that has all the properties of the element

A

Atom

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49
Q

The smallest unit of a compound which can exist alone

A

Molecule

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50
Q

An aggregation of atoms, specifically a chemical of two or more atoms which form a specific chemical substance

A

Molecule

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51
Q

What does an anticoagulant do?

A

Lubricates
Prevents clots
Attempts to break up clots

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52
Q

What do water conditioners do?

A

Lubricates
Prevents clots
Attempts to break up clots
Treats the minerals in the water

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53
Q

What kind of minerals are in the water that need to be treated by water conditioners?

A

Calcium and iron

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54
Q

The tabular arrangement of the elements in order of increasing atomic number so that the columns of elements represent the periodic recurrence of elements with similar properties

A

Periodic Table

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55
Q

The number of protons and neutrons added together

A

Atomic Mass

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56
Q

The total positive charge on a nucleus is determined by the number of protons. This is called the

A

Atomic Number

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57
Q

What gives the atom its identity

A

Atomic Number

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58
Q

What is the Arrhenius definition of a Base?

A

A substance that yields hydroxide ions in aqueous solution

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59
Q

What is the Bronsted-Lowry definition of a Base?

A

A substance that accepts a proton. An acid is a proton donor and a base is a proton acceptor

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60
Q

According to Bronsted-Lowry, an acid is a

A

Proton donor

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61
Q

According to Bronsted-Lowry, a base is a

A

Proton Acceptor

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62
Q

What is the Lewis definition of a Base?

A

A substance that donates a pair of electrons

63
Q

A substance consisting of two or more atoms combined chemically in definite proportions by mass

A

Compound

64
Q

A combination of two or more substances not chemically united and in no definite proportion by mass

A

Mixture

65
Q

A homogenous mixture of one or more substances (solutes) dissolved in a sufficient quantity of solvent

A

Solution

66
Q

Occurs when a red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution which will cause it to shrink

A

Crenation

67
Q

Occurs when a cell is placed into a hypotonic solution which causes the cell to burst

A

Hemolysis

68
Q

Centi

A

1/100th

69
Q

Centimer

A

1/100th of a meter

70
Q

Deci

A

1/10th

71
Q

Decimeter

A

1/10th of a meter

72
Q

Milli

A

1/1000th

73
Q

Millimeter

A

1/1000th of a meter

74
Q

One in which a new substance or substances are produced that have entirely different properties from the original substance because the chemical composition has changed

A

Chemical Change

75
Q

A change in the form or state of matter without any change in chemical composition

A

Physical Change

76
Q

Describe what kind of change Rigor Mortis is

A

Both a physical and chemical change - the best answer between the two is chemical change, but the ABSOLUTE best answer is a PHYSIOCHEMICAL CHANGE

77
Q

Separation of compounds into simpler substances by the action of microbial and/or autolytic enzymes

A

Decomposition

78
Q

Decomposition of proteins by enzymes of aerobic bacteria

A

Decay

79
Q

Decomposition of proteins by the action of enzymes from anaerobic bacteria

A

Putrefaction

80
Q

A red dye derived from the action of bromine of fluorescein

A

Eosin

81
Q

Eosin is very commonly used in

A

Arterial Fluids

82
Q

A common dye which is used to test for blood circulation

A

Fluorescein

83
Q

When fluorescein is used to test blood circulation, where is it seen?

A

In the eye

84
Q

Chemicals having the capability of displacing an unpleasant odor or of altering an unpleasant odor so that it is converted to a more pleasant one

A

Deodorants
Masking Agents
Perfuming Agents

85
Q

Deodorants were HISTORICALLY called

A

Reodorants

86
Q

The movement of molecules or other particles in solution from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration until uniform concentration is reached

A

Diffusion

87
Q

Passage of some components of the injected embalming solution from an intravascular to an extra vascular location

A

Diffusion Arterial Solution

88
Q

Movements of the embalming solutions from the capillaries into the interstitial fluids

A

Diffusion Arterial Solution

89
Q

The movement of embalming solutions from the point of injection throughout the arterial system and into the capillaries

A

Fluid Distribution

90
Q

An agent, usually chemical, applied to inanimate objects/surfaces to destroy disease causing microbial agents but usually not bacterial spores

A

Disinfectant

91
Q

The destruction and/or inhibition of most pathogenic organisms and their products in or on the body

A

Disinfection

92
Q

The act of mixing two insoluble liquids

A

Emulsification

93
Q

A mixture of two insoluble liquids, one being dispersed throughout the other in small droplets

A

Emulsion

94
Q

A mixture of formaldehyde gas dissolved in water which consists of 37% by weight, 40% by volume, and contains 7% methyl alcohol

A

Formalin

95
Q

The amount of heat necessary to change 1 gram of solid to gram of liquid state at the melting point

A

Heat of Fusion

96
Q

The amount of heat necessary to change 1 gram of a substance from a liquid to a gaseous state at the boiling point

A

Heat of Vaporization

97
Q

Water loving

A

Hydrophilic

98
Q

Water fearing

A

Hydrophobic

99
Q

Absorbing moisture readily

A

Hygroscopic

100
Q

The strength of embalming fluids indicated by the number of grams of pure formaldehyde gas dissolved in 100 mL of solution

A

Index

101
Q

Refers to a percentage

A

Index

102
Q

All embalming fluids will contain some methanol. Why?

A

It is closely associated with the manufacture of formalin
It stabilizes formalin
Both a solvent and a germicide

103
Q

What are the other names for methanol?

A

Methyl Alcohol

Wood Alcohol

104
Q

A solvent and a disinfectant in embalming fluid

A

Ethyl Alcohol (Ethanol)

105
Q

Ethyl Alcohol is noted for its ability to

A

Dehydrate Tissue

106
Q

When a word ends in oL, it means it is an

A

Alcohol

107
Q

A neutral subatomic particle with a mass similar to that of a proton

A

Neutron

108
Q

Where is a neutron normally found?

A

In the nucleus

109
Q

A subatomic particle normally found in the nucleus of an atom

A

Proton

110
Q

A proton has a relative mass number of

A

1

111
Q

A proton has an electrical charge of

A

+1

112
Q

A subatomic particle with a negative electrical and a mass that is 1/1,857 that of a proton

A

Electron

113
Q

Electrons are found where?

A

Outside the nucleus of an atom

114
Q

A deposit of an insoluble or very slightly soluble solid substance in solution

A

Precipitate

115
Q

The linking together of monomers or basic chemical units to form a polymer

A

Polymerization

116
Q

A polymer of formaldehyde that exists as a solid

A

Paraformaldehyde

117
Q

Paraformaldehyde is almost

A

Pure Formaldehyde

118
Q

Paraformaldehyde is insoluble, so it cannot be used in

A

Embalming fluids

119
Q

Where is paraformaldehyde commonly used in?

A

Powdered preservative compositions such as hardening compounds and embalming powder

120
Q

The measure of hydrogen ion concentration of a solution

A

pH

121
Q

0-6.9

A

acid

122
Q

7

A

neutral

123
Q

7.1-14

A

Basic

124
Q

Primary stage of flaccidity is

A

7.4 - 7.0

125
Q

Rigor

A

7.0 - 6.0 - 7.0

126
Q

Secondary stage of flaccidity is

A

7.0 - 7.4

127
Q

Putrefaction occurs at what pH?

A

8.0

128
Q

an aromatic alcohol and is an excellent disinfectant

A

Phenol

129
Q

Penetrates tissues very well and bleaches tissue where required such as surface discoloration

A

Phenol

130
Q

Phenol is also known as

A

Carbolic Acid

131
Q

Phenol is a derivitave of

A

Coal Tars

132
Q

What is the standard used to evaluate the efficiency of other germicides?

A

Phenol

133
Q

PC stands for

A

Phenol Coefficient

134
Q

Phenol is both a

A

Disinfectant and Antiseptic

135
Q

A technique invented by Dr. Gunter vin Hagens used to preserve bodies for anatomical studies

A

Plastination

136
Q

Describe plastination

A

The embalmed body is placed into a solvent bath containing acetone and reactive polymers.

137
Q

What does the vaccum remove in plastination?

A

Water, fatty tissues, and acetone

138
Q

Pastination is a form of

A

Permanent preservation

139
Q

What is the universal solvent

A

Water

140
Q

A substance dissolved in solvent to form a solution; the component of a solution present in a lesser amount

A

Solute

141
Q

A homogenous mixture of one or more substances (solutes) dissolved in a sufficient quantity of solvent

A

Solution

142
Q

The process of dissolving

A

Solvation

143
Q

A substance which does the dissolving in a solution; the component of a solution present in a greater amount

A

Solvent

144
Q

Oven or appliance for sterilizing; an autoclave that disinfect by steam under pressure at temperatures above 100 degrees C

A

Sterilizers

145
Q

Process that renders a substance free of all microorganisms

A

Sterilization

146
Q

Are written below and to the right of the number

A

Subscripts

147
Q

What do subscripts represent

A

The definite proportion by mass

148
Q

Are written above and to the right of the number

A

Superscripts

149
Q

What do superscripts represent?

A

The oxidation number

150
Q

The dissolving of a substance in alcohol

A

Tincture

151
Q

OL

A

Alcohol

152
Q

AL

A

Aldehyde

153
Q

A gas, especially the gaseous form of a substance that at ordinary temperatures is a liquid or solid

A

Vapor

154
Q

The physical change from a liquid into a gas

A

Vaporization

MORS 200 - Sciences (25 decks)

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