Chemistry Powerpoint Flashcards
Group of chemicals used in addition to vascular and cavity embalming fluids
Accessory Chemical
Accessory Chemicals include but are not limited to
Hardening compounds Preservative Powders Sealing agents Mold Preventative Agents Pack Application Agents
Accessory Chemicals are anything not ________________
Arterially Injected and not cavity
Chemicals added to the embalming solution to deal with varying demands predicated upon the type of embalming, the environment and the embalming fluid to be used
Modifying Agents
Modifying Agents come how?
Pre-mixed in a bottle
Fluid injected for purposes other than preservation and disinfection
Supplemental Fluid
Supplemental Fluids come generally fall into one of three categories
Pre-injection
Co-injection
Humectants/Restorative Fluids
Supplemental fluids come how?
In a separate bottle
What is Arrhenius’ definition of an Acid?
A substance that yields hydrogen or hydronium ions in a/an water/aqeuous solution
What is the Bronsted-Lowry definition of an Acid?
A substance that donates a proton
What is the Lewis definition of an Acid?
A substance that accepts a pair of electrons
Dyes which aid in restoring a life-like surface pigmentation to a body and also stain the body tissue cells
Active Dyes
Staining Dyes
Cosmetic Dyes
Are used to distinguish the difference between various chemicals
Passive Dyes
Natural or synthetic that is used to impart a color to another material
Dye
A wax-like material produced by saponification of body fat in a body buried in alkaline soil
Adipocere (Grave Wax)
Adipocere is the
End product
What is the process leading to adipocere?
Saponification
Thre reaction between a fat and a strong base to produce glycerl and the salt of a fatty acid (soap)
Saponification
Intravascular; the increase of viscosity of blood brought about by the clumping of particulate formed elements in the blood vessels
Agglutination
The process of converting soluble protein to insoluble protein by heating or by contact with a chemical such as an alcohol or an aldehyde
Coagulation
What is the general term for blood clots?
Congealing
A protein found throughout the body and is highly susceptible to decomposition
Albumin
Albumins are
Soluble
Albuminoids are
Insoluble
Proteins that have been cross-linked by preservatives to become highly unsceptible to decomposition
Albuminoids
A saturated hydrocarbon
Alkane
A hydrocarbon that has no carbon-carbon multiple bonds
Alkane
Formerly called the paraffin series
Alkane
A hydrocarbon containing a double bond
Alkene
A hydrocarbon containing a triple bond
Alkyne
This is less dangerous than beta and Gamma radiation
Alpha Radiation
This is more dangerous than alpha radiation but less dangerous than gamma rays
Beta Radiation
This is more dangerous than Beta and Alpha radiation.
Gamma Radiation
Gamma radiation is a type of
Electromagnetic Radiation
A building up process
Anabolism
Breaking down process
Catabolism
The study of all the enzymatically controlled reactions in a living cell
Metabolism
Body temperature in life is
98.6
Directly after death, the body temperature _____
Rises
The immediate rising of body temperature after death is which process
Anabolism
The body temperature after death maxes out at about
100 degrees
The rise in temperature after death is also known as
Postmortem Caloricity
After maxing out at 100 degrees, the body temperature drops back down to 98.6, which is known as
Catabolism
After the completion of catabolism, the body temperature drops below 98.6, which is known as
Livor Mortis
Ingredient of embalming fluids that retards the natural postmortem tendency of blood to become more viscous or prevents adverse reactions between blood and other embalming chemicals
Anticoagulant
Anticoagulants can be
Pre-injection or co-injection
Co-injections are injected when?
With the arterial fluid
The smallest particle of an element that has all the properties of the element
Atom
The smallest unit of a compound which can exist alone
Molecule
An aggregation of atoms, specifically a chemical of two or more atoms which form a specific chemical substance
Molecule
What does an anticoagulant do?
Lubricates
Prevents clots
Attempts to break up clots
What do water conditioners do?
Lubricates
Prevents clots
Attempts to break up clots
Treats the minerals in the water
What kind of minerals are in the water that need to be treated by water conditioners?
Calcium and iron
The tabular arrangement of the elements in order of increasing atomic number so that the columns of elements represent the periodic recurrence of elements with similar properties
Periodic Table
The number of protons and neutrons added together
Atomic Mass
The total positive charge on a nucleus is determined by the number of protons. This is called the
Atomic Number
What gives the atom its identity
Atomic Number
What is the Arrhenius definition of a Base?
A substance that yields hydroxide ions in aqueous solution
What is the Bronsted-Lowry definition of a Base?
A substance that accepts a proton. An acid is a proton donor and a base is a proton acceptor
According to Bronsted-Lowry, an acid is a
Proton donor
According to Bronsted-Lowry, a base is a
Proton Acceptor
What is the Lewis definition of a Base?
A substance that donates a pair of electrons
A substance consisting of two or more atoms combined chemically in definite proportions by mass
Compound
A combination of two or more substances not chemically united and in no definite proportion by mass
Mixture
A homogenous mixture of one or more substances (solutes) dissolved in a sufficient quantity of solvent
Solution
Occurs when a red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution which will cause it to shrink
Crenation
Occurs when a cell is placed into a hypotonic solution which causes the cell to burst
Hemolysis
Centi
1/100th
Centimer
1/100th of a meter
Deci
1/10th
Decimeter
1/10th of a meter
Milli
1/1000th
Millimeter
1/1000th of a meter
One in which a new substance or substances are produced that have entirely different properties from the original substance because the chemical composition has changed
Chemical Change
A change in the form or state of matter without any change in chemical composition
Physical Change
Describe what kind of change Rigor Mortis is
Both a physical and chemical change - the best answer between the two is chemical change, but the ABSOLUTE best answer is a PHYSIOCHEMICAL CHANGE
Separation of compounds into simpler substances by the action of microbial and/or autolytic enzymes
Decomposition
Decomposition of proteins by enzymes of aerobic bacteria
Decay
Decomposition of proteins by the action of enzymes from anaerobic bacteria
Putrefaction
A red dye derived from the action of bromine of fluorescein
Eosin
Eosin is very commonly used in
Arterial Fluids
A common dye which is used to test for blood circulation
Fluorescein
When fluorescein is used to test blood circulation, where is it seen?
In the eye
Chemicals having the capability of displacing an unpleasant odor or of altering an unpleasant odor so that it is converted to a more pleasant one
Deodorants
Masking Agents
Perfuming Agents
Deodorants were HISTORICALLY called
Reodorants
The movement of molecules or other particles in solution from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration until uniform concentration is reached
Diffusion
Passage of some components of the injected embalming solution from an intravascular to an extra vascular location
Diffusion Arterial Solution
Movements of the embalming solutions from the capillaries into the interstitial fluids
Diffusion Arterial Solution
The movement of embalming solutions from the point of injection throughout the arterial system and into the capillaries
Fluid Distribution
An agent, usually chemical, applied to inanimate objects/surfaces to destroy disease causing microbial agents but usually not bacterial spores
Disinfectant
The destruction and/or inhibition of most pathogenic organisms and their products in or on the body
Disinfection
The act of mixing two insoluble liquids
Emulsification
A mixture of two insoluble liquids, one being dispersed throughout the other in small droplets
Emulsion
A mixture of formaldehyde gas dissolved in water which consists of 37% by weight, 40% by volume, and contains 7% methyl alcohol
Formalin
The amount of heat necessary to change 1 gram of solid to gram of liquid state at the melting point
Heat of Fusion
The amount of heat necessary to change 1 gram of a substance from a liquid to a gaseous state at the boiling point
Heat of Vaporization
Water loving
Hydrophilic
Water fearing
Hydrophobic
Absorbing moisture readily
Hygroscopic
The strength of embalming fluids indicated by the number of grams of pure formaldehyde gas dissolved in 100 mL of solution
Index
Refers to a percentage
Index
All embalming fluids will contain some methanol. Why?
It is closely associated with the manufacture of formalin
It stabilizes formalin
Both a solvent and a germicide
What are the other names for methanol?
Methyl Alcohol
Wood Alcohol
A solvent and a disinfectant in embalming fluid
Ethyl Alcohol (Ethanol)
Ethyl Alcohol is noted for its ability to
Dehydrate Tissue
When a word ends in oL, it means it is an
Alcohol
A neutral subatomic particle with a mass similar to that of a proton
Neutron
Where is a neutron normally found?
In the nucleus
A subatomic particle normally found in the nucleus of an atom
Proton
A proton has a relative mass number of
1
A proton has an electrical charge of
+1
A subatomic particle with a negative electrical and a mass that is 1/1,857 that of a proton
Electron
Electrons are found where?
Outside the nucleus of an atom
A deposit of an insoluble or very slightly soluble solid substance in solution
Precipitate
The linking together of monomers or basic chemical units to form a polymer
Polymerization
A polymer of formaldehyde that exists as a solid
Paraformaldehyde
Paraformaldehyde is almost
Pure Formaldehyde
Paraformaldehyde is insoluble, so it cannot be used in
Embalming fluids
Where is paraformaldehyde commonly used in?
Powdered preservative compositions such as hardening compounds and embalming powder
The measure of hydrogen ion concentration of a solution
pH
0-6.9
acid
7
neutral
7.1-14
Basic
Primary stage of flaccidity is
7.4 - 7.0
Rigor
7.0 - 6.0 - 7.0
Secondary stage of flaccidity is
7.0 - 7.4
Putrefaction occurs at what pH?
8.0
an aromatic alcohol and is an excellent disinfectant
Phenol
Penetrates tissues very well and bleaches tissue where required such as surface discoloration
Phenol
Phenol is also known as
Carbolic Acid
Phenol is a derivitave of
Coal Tars
What is the standard used to evaluate the efficiency of other germicides?
Phenol
PC stands for
Phenol Coefficient
Phenol is both a
Disinfectant and Antiseptic
A technique invented by Dr. Gunter vin Hagens used to preserve bodies for anatomical studies
Plastination
Describe plastination
The embalmed body is placed into a solvent bath containing acetone and reactive polymers.
What does the vaccum remove in plastination?
Water, fatty tissues, and acetone
Pastination is a form of
Permanent preservation
What is the universal solvent
Water
A substance dissolved in solvent to form a solution; the component of a solution present in a lesser amount
Solute
A homogenous mixture of one or more substances (solutes) dissolved in a sufficient quantity of solvent
Solution
The process of dissolving
Solvation
A substance which does the dissolving in a solution; the component of a solution present in a greater amount
Solvent
Oven or appliance for sterilizing; an autoclave that disinfect by steam under pressure at temperatures above 100 degrees C
Sterilizers
Process that renders a substance free of all microorganisms
Sterilization
Are written below and to the right of the number
Subscripts
What do subscripts represent
The definite proportion by mass
Are written above and to the right of the number
Superscripts
What do superscripts represent?
The oxidation number
The dissolving of a substance in alcohol
Tincture
OL
Alcohol
AL
Aldehyde
A gas, especially the gaseous form of a substance that at ordinary temperatures is a liquid or solid
Vapor
The physical change from a liquid into a gas
Vaporization
