Embalming Lab Manual Part 1 Flashcards
The center of embalming circulation is the
Arch of the aorta
The injection site should be as close as possible to the
Arch of the aorta
All incisions should be limited to no more than
3 inches long
The center of venous drainage is the
Right atrium of the heart
The right side of the heart seen as the center of drainage
Right atrium
The right atrium is used as a site of drainage via instruments from the
Right internal jugular vein
The right atrium is used as a direct site of drainage via
Trocar or through the thoracic wall
Going toward the middle of the body, toward the midsagittal plane
Medial
Going away from the middle of the body, away from the midsagittal plane
Lateral
Going toward the surface of the body
Superficial
Noting a superficial artery, vein, or nerve, or other structure near the body surface
Superficialis
Going toward the center of the body well below the body surface
Deep
Situated at or directed toward the front of the body
Anterior
Situated at or directed toward the back of the body
Posterior
To divide into two branches
Bifurcate
Going toward the head
Superior
Going toward the feet
Inferior
To touch or contact as with the tarsal plates of closed eyelids
Abut
Place of union between two or more bones
Articulation
Situated or occurring beneath the skin
Subcutaneous
Vestibule of the oral cavity; the space between the lips, gums, and teeth
Buccal Cavity
Formation of new channels in a tissue
Canalization
The hollow space within the artery, vein, intestine, or anatomical, tube-like structure
Lumen
The lumen of a vessel, artery, and vein will _________ in diametric size as they distance themselves from the aorta and vena cava
Decrease
The area of the femoral may be inaccessible as an injection site in this disease
Cachexia
General deterioration of the body; a state of ill health, malnutrition, and wasting
Cachexia
May occur in many chronic diseases as certain malignancies and advanced pulmonary tuberculosis
Cachexia
Cachexia is AKA
Wasting Syndrome
May occur in the area of the right common carotid artery caused by instruments at this injection site
Desiccation Marks
After suturing these injection sites, sutures may be visible
Common Carotids, ulnars, and radials
Because of certain anatomical structures, bones, tendons, muscles, cartilage, etc, _________ is often difficult to establish and maintain
Good Drainage
Any surface, prominence, or structure, which is used in establishing the location of an adjacent structure or prominence (usually muscles)
Anatomical Guide
The point of origin and termination of a vessel as expressed in relation to adjacent anatomical structures or prominences
Anatomical Limits
A descriptive reference for locating arteries and veins by means of anatomical structures which are known
Anatomical Guide
Points of origin and points of termination in relation to adjacent structures; used to designate the boundaries of arteries
Anatomical Limits
An imaginary line drawn on the surface of the skin which represents the approximate location of a deeper lying structure or prominence
Linear Guide
A line drawn or visualized on the surface of the skin to represent the approximate location of some deeper lying structure
Linear Guide
Describe the anatomical position
Body is erect, feet together, palms facing forward, and thumbs are pointed away from the body
The right common carotid artery is a terminal branch of the
Brachiocephalic artery
This is the first branch off the arch of the aorta
Brachiocephalic aka Innominate
This is the second branch off the arch of the aorta
Left common carotid
This is the third branch off of the arch of the aorta
Left Subclavian
The linear guide for the common carotid is a point from the
Sternoclavicular articulation to the anterior surface of the lobe of the ear
What is the anatomical guide for the common carotid artery?
Along the medial border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
Which common carotid artery is longer?
The left
The right common carotid begins at the level of the
Sternoclavicular articulation
The Left common carotid artery begins at the level of the
Second costal Cartilage
Both common carotid arteries terminate where?
At the superior border of the thyroid cartilage
The supraclavicular incision is located along the
Superior border of the clavicle bone
The supraclavicular incision is limited to
3 inches
Most prefer the supraclavicular incision to be along the ____________ of the clavicle bone
Medial One Third
A parallel incision is made along the posterior border of the inferior one third of the
Sternocleidomastoid muscle
This method involves the utilization of both common carotids and both internal jugular veins
Restricted Cervical Method
The restricted cervical method is recommended for
Difficult cases
The internal and external carotid arteries originate at the bifurcation of the right and left common carotid arteries at the
Superior border of the thyroid cartilage
The bifurcation of the internal and external carotid arteries will occur
Front to back
The anterior branch of the common carotid artery supplies blood to the face
External Carotid artery
The External carotid artery is the primary blood supply to the
Face
The external carotid artery is which branch
Anterior branch
The posterior branch of the common carotid artery supplies blood to the brain
Internal Carotid Artery
The internal carotid artery is the primary blood supply to the
Brain
The internal carotid artery is which branch
The posterior branch
The internal jugular vein will lie where is relation to the common carotid
Lateral and superficial
The common carotid artery will lie _______________ to the internal jugular vein
Medial and deep
Branch of the external carotid artery that supplies blood to the cheeks and lips
External Facial artery
The external facial artery is AKA
Maxillary Artery
The external facial artery is located along the inferior border of the _______
Mandible
The external facial artery is located just anterior to the
Angle of the mandible
The incision for the external facial artery should be no more than ________ in length
one inch
The incision for the external facial artery should be directly over the
Mandibular Notch
Arises from the right brachiocephalic artery
Right subclavian artery
The right subclavian artery arises from the
Right Brachiocephalic artery
The right subclavian artery begins at the
Sternoclavicular articulation
The left subclavian arises from the
Arch of the aorta (3rd branch)
The left subclavian begins at the level of the
Second Costal Cartilage
Both subclavain arteries terminates at the
Lateral border of the first rib
Which subclavian artery is longer?
Left
Each subclavian artery gives off four branches
Vertebral
Internal Mammary
Costocervical
Thyrocervical
Of the four branches off the subclavians, which are of primary importance?
Vertebral
It is imperative that the subclavian arteries be injected on autopsied cases. Why?
So that the branches can carry fluid to the shoulders and back of the head
The vertebral arteries originates from the
Subclavian arteries
The vertebral arteries terminate by forming this
Basilar artery
Where is the incision for the subclavian artery
Along the inferior border of the lateral one-third of the clavicle bone
This is a continuation o the subclavian artery
Axillary
The axillary artery terminates by becoming the
Brachial artery
The base of the axillary space is the
Arm pit
Established by drawing a line along the fold of skin which envelops the lateral border of the pectoralis major muscle
Anterior Boundary
Established by drawing a line along the fold of skin which envelops the lateral border of the latissimus dorsi muscle
Posterior Boundary
Established by drawing a line which connects the two points where the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi muscles blend into the chest wall
Medial Boundary
Established by drawing a line which connects the two points where the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi muscle blend into the arm
Lateral Boundar
A vertical line drawn from the center of the medial border of the base of the axillary space
Mid-Axillary Line
The linear guide for the axillary artery is through the center of the base of the axillary space and parallel to long axis of the upper extremity when
Abducted
The axillary artery is posterior to the medial border of the
Coracobrachialis muscle
The axillary artery begins at the
Lateral border of the first rib
The axillary artery terminates at the
Inferior border of the tendon of the teres major muscle
The place of incision for the axillary artery is along the anterior margin of the
Hairline of the axilla
The axillary vein is ___________ to the axillary artery
Medial and superficial
The axillary artery is _____________ to the axillary vein
Lateral and deep
A continuation of the axillary artery
Brachial artery
The brachial artery terminates where?
At the bifurcation of the elbow
The brachial artery begins at the inferior border of the tendon of what muscle?
Teres major
The brachial artery terminates at a point just inferior to the
Antecubital fossa
In front of the elbow; in the bend of the elbow
Antecubital
The accompanying vein for the brachial artery is the
Basilic vein
The basilic vein is ____________ to the brachial artery
Medial and superficial
The brachial artery is ________ to the basilic vein
Lateral and Deep
The radial artery originates at the bifurcation of the
Brachial Artery
The radial artery is on which side?
Thumb side
The ulnar artery is on which side?
Pinky side
The radial artery is on the surface of the forearm from the center of the antecubital fossa to the center of the base of the
Second Digit
The radial artery is just lateral to the tendon of the
Flexor carpi radialis muscle
The incision for the raidal and ulnar arteries are located
2 inches above the wrist
Two small veins that lie on either side of the radial and ulnar arteries
Venae Comitantes
The ulnar artery originates at the bifurcation of the
Brachial artery
Which of the bifurcations of the brachial artery is larger?
The Ulnar
The ulnar artery lies lateral to the tendon of the
Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle
Formed in the palm of the hand, just inferior to the fingers by the juncture as well as the branches of the radial and ulnar arteries
Volar Arch
Referring to the correct anatomical position, the volar arch is _________ to the fingers
Superior
The first branch off the aortic arch
Brachiocephalic Artery
The brachiocephalic artery is about how long?
2-3 inches
The brachiocephalic artery is on which side?
Right side only
The right brachiocephalic vein will lie ___________ to the right brachiocephalic artery
Lateral and superficial
The right brachiocephalic artery will lie __________ to the right brachiocephalic vein
Medial and Deep
The brachiocephalic vein is also known as the
Innominate vein
The brachiocephalic vein, aka innominate vein, is on which side?
Left and right
The brachiocephalic artery is also known as the
Innominate Artery
The aorta begins in the
Left Ventricle of the heart
The aorta is divided into how many parts?
3
The aorta is divided into 3 parts. What are they?
Ascending aorta
Arch of the aorta
Descending aorta
The Descending aorta is divided into two sections. What are they?
Descending thoracic and Descending abdominal
The ascending aorta arises from the
Left ventricle of the heart
The arch of the aorta continues from the
Ascending aorta
The arch of the aorta is the center of
Embalming Circulation
This is excluded from embalming circulation
Heart
The heart is excluded from embalming circulation because __________________ shut down
The tricuspid and bicuspid/mitral valves
The descending thoracic aorta is on the
Left side of the spine
The diaphragm is also called the
Phrenic muscle
What divides the descending thoracic aorta from the descending abdominal aorta?
The Diaphragm
All major trunk arteries arise or originate from the
Descending Aorta
To inject an infant, an incision is made from the xiphoid process of the sternum to the umbilicus to the left of the midline to raise this as an injection site
Descending abdominal aorta
The drainage site for an infant would be the
Inferior Vena Cava
Both vena cava empty into the
Right atrium of the heart
The vena cava lie to the _______ of the spine
Right
All veins have valves except for the
Vena cava
All veins will eventually drain into the
Vena Cava
The juncture of the superior and inferior vena cava form the
Right Atrium of the heart
The common iliac artery originates from the
Descending abdominal aorta
The common iliac artery bifurcates into the
Right and left common iliac arteries
The common iliac vein lies directly ___________ to the common iliac artery
Inferior
The common iliac artery lies directly ___________ to the common iliac vein
Superior
The vascular system twists at the ___________ reversing the relationship arteries have to veins
Base of the Spine
The external iliac artery is an extension of the
Common iliac artery
The anatomical guide for the external iliac artery is along the medial border of the
psoas major muscle
The external iliac vein lies __________ to the external iliac artery
Medial and deep
The external iliac artery will lies ________ to the external iliac vein
Lateral and Superficial
The internal artery originates fromt he
Common iliac artery
The internal iliac artery branches off approximately half way down the
Psoas Major muscle
The internal iliac artery carries blood to the
Pubic viscera
This artery is usually severed in autopsied cases
Internal Iliac
Another name for the internal iliac artery is
Hypogastric artery
This is a continuation of the external iliac artery
Femoral artery
The linear guide for the femoral artery is on the surface of the thigh from the center of the inguinal ligament to a canter point on the
medial condyle of the femur bone
Rounded articular process of a bone
Condyle
Describe the anatomical guide for the femoral artery
Through the center of the femoral triangle bounded laterally by the sartorius muscle and medially by the adductur longus muscle
The femoral artery begins at a point posterior to the center of the
Inguinal Ligament
The femoral artery terminates at the opening of the
Adductor magnus muscle
You would incise at any portion of the ____________ of the linear guide of the femoral artery
Superior two-thirds
The femoral vein is medial at the inguinal ligament progressing to immediately posterior at the
Apex of the femoral triangle
The femoral vein will lie __________ to the femoral artery
Medial and deep
The femoral artery will lie __________ to the femoral vein
Lateral and superficial
The base of the femoral triangle is the
Inguinal ligament aka Pouparts ligament
The medial boundary of the femoral triangle is the
Adductor longus muscle
The lateral boundary of the femoral triangle is the
Sartorius Muscle
The muscle which is not included in the femoral triangle but is found at the bottom of the femoral triangle is the
Adductor Magnus muscle
Will bifurcate from the anterior aspect of the femoral artery within scarpa’s triangle and descend along the lateral aspect of the thigh
Profunda Femoris Artery
The Profunda Femoris Artery will terminate at the
Knee
The Femoral Triangle is also known as the
Scarpa’s triangle
Hunter’s Canal
Popliteal Space
An extension of the femoral artery is the
Popliteal Artery
The linear guide for the popliteal artery is through the center of the popliteal space, parallel to the
Long axis of the lower extremity
The popliteal artery begins at the opening of the
Adductor Magnus Muscle
The Popliteal artery terminates at the
Inferior border of the popliteus muscle
Where would you incise to raise the popliteal artery?
Parallel incision on the posterior medial aspect of the thigh just superior to the popliteal space
These are the bifurcations of the popliteal artery
Anterior and posterior tibial arteries
The anterior tibial artery is from the lateral border of the patella to the
Anterior surface of the ankle joing
You would incise to raise the anterior tibial artery where?
Along the lateral margin of the inferior one-third of the crest of the tibia bone
The posterior tibial artery linear guide is from the center of the popliteal space to a point midway between the
Medial malleolus and the calcaneus bone
The incision for the posterior tibial artery is midway between the
Medial malleolus and calcaneus bones
The anterior tibial artery extends into the
Dorsalis pedis artery
The dorsalis pedis linear guide is from the center o the
Anterior surface of the ankle joint to a point midway between the first and second digits
This is formed anteriorly by the dorsalis pedis artery
S. Plantars Arch
This is formed posteriorly by the posterior tibial artery
S. Plantars Arch
Where is the S. Plantars Arch formed
At the base of the digits
List the factors governing selection of arteries to be used for injection
Age Sex Weight Fat Distribution Disfigurations Disease Edema Location obstruction Trauma Medico-legal requirements Autopsy protocol Medical examiner/coroner
General deterioration of the body; a state of ill health, malnutrition, and wasting; it may occur in many chronic diseases as certain malignancies and advanced pulmonary tuberculosis
Cachexia aka Wasting Syndrome
Abnormal accumulation of fluids in tissue or body cavities
Edema
Severe generalized edema
Anasarca
A physical injury or wound caused by external force or violence
Trauma
Preparation room item used with suturing needles to suture cuts and incisions
Ligature
The separation and pushing aside of the superficial fascia leading to blood vessels and then the deep fascia surrounding blood vessels, utilizing manual techniques or round ended instruments which separate rather than cut protective tissues
Blunt Dissection
To tie off an artery and vein upon completion of embalming
Ligate
Lying at right angles to the long axis of the body
Transverse Incision
A vascular incision made on vessels by cutting in an oblique or slanting direction
Diagonal Incision
A vascular incision that is made length-wise on a vessel
Longitudinal Incision
A vascular incision created by making a short transverse incision at a right angle to the long axis of the vessel; then with the point of the scissors inserted into the original opening, a second incision is made parallel to the long axis of the vessel
T-Shaped Incision
A vascular incision which is made by cutting a small triangular wedge from the wall of the vessel
Triangular (wedge) Incision
Which should be inserted first (for ease), the arterial tube or the drain tube?
Drain tube
The process of converting soluble protein to insoluble protein by heating or contact with a chemical such as an alcohol or an aldehyde
Coagulation
The solidification of a solution into a gelatinous mass
Coagulation
A specific form of coagulation is
Agglutination
Made with a single suturing needle with a non-cutting edge and is used on exposed areas of the body, particularly in plastic surgery operations
Single Intradermal, Subcutaneous, or Hidden Stitch
Made in the same manner as the single intradermal stitch, except that a suturing needle is used on each end of the ligature, and the ligatures are crossed at each stitch, using criss-cross motion just like tying shoes, which gives more protection against leakage than the single
Double intradermal or subcutaneous suture
A type of stitch used on baseball covers and was the type of incision used by the egyptians
Baseball aka Sail Stitch
Usually an s curved suturing needle with a cutting edge is used, the stitch is made from beneath, up through the skin and the needle is crossed from side to side with each stich
Baseball aka Sail Stitch
Makes for a strong closure, but pulls the tissues adjacent to the incision upward into a ridge
Baseball aka Sail Stitch
Makes a tight, leakproof closure, but creates an unsightly ridge on the surface of the incision
Lock, half, Blanket Suture
After the suturing needle has passed through the tissue, lock the stitch by looping it through the ligature, which is being held, releasing the ligature long enough to complete the loop, then capture the ligature and pull it tight again
Lock, Half, Blanket Suture
In making this suture, the surface ligature is anchored around pins
Figure 8 suture
The figure 8 suture is considered a ______________________ suture
Temporary
What is the suggested use for the figure 8 suture?
To bring and hold the lips of the incision together before and during the embalming operation until a more permanent closure and repair is made
Another suggested use of the figure 8 suture is to assist in permanent closure by bringing and holding
The lip of the incision together when an adhesive or sealer is used inside
The figure 8 suture is usually used only on
Exposed Areas
The same as the intradermal suture except this stitch penetrates completely through the skin
Draw stitch
Why is the draw stitch called such?
Because it draws the sides of the incision together
The same as the single intradermal suture except the stitches are made parallel to the incision
Worm Stitch
The worm stitch is easily ________ if used on exposed areas of the body
Waxed over
This is used to turn under excess margins of the skin
Worm Suture
Used by passing the ligature through both sides of the incision from the outside going from one side to the other as the incision is sutured
Whip Stitch aka Continuous Glover Suture aka Roll Stitch
Individual stitch knotted at the tissue edge
Bridge Suture aka Temporary Interrupted Suture
Normally ised as a temporary suture to align tissues prior to embalming
Bridge Suture aka Temporary Interrupted Suture
A suture used to close small punctures or holes
Purse String Suture
A series of small stitches are made through the skin around the circumference of the opening, and the ends of the thread are then knotted
Purse String Suture
What are some other methods with which to close incisions which do not involve the use of sutures?
Liquid Adhesive, Spray Sealing Compound, or Cream Sealing Compound
A motorized injector used to create positive pressure as required in vascular embalming
Pressure Embalming Macines
Apparatus that is connected to the water supply; when the water is turned on a suction is developed and is used to aspirate the contents of the body’s cavities
Hydroaspirator
A device that uses a motor to create a suction for the purpose of aspiration
Electric Aspirator
Apparatus used to inject arterial fluid during the vascular phase of the embalming process; relies on gravity to create the pressure required to deliver the fluid
Gravity Injector
How many pounds of pressure per one foot of elevation for a gravity injector?
.43 pounds
Historical instrument resembling a large hypodermic syringe attached to a bottle apparatus; used to create either pressure for injection or vacuum for aspiration
Hand Pump (Historical)
Self-contained, soft rubber manual pump designed to create pressure to deliver fluid as it passes through one-way valves located within the bulb. Used only to deliver fluids; cannot be used for aspiration
Bulb-Syringe (Historical)
An electrically heated blade which may be used to dry moist tissue, reduce swollen tissue, and restore contour
Electric Spatula
Equipment used to dry the hair of the deceased and is made specifically for mortuary use
Hair Dryer
Prep room equipment which is designed to eliminate the physical strain of moving caskets and bodies by hand
Body Lifts
E.G. chemical, heat/pressure
Sterilizers
Head rests, arm rests, shoulder rests, foot rests
Impermeable Position devices
Prep room equipment on which human remains are placed for the embalming procedure
Embalming Table
Prep room equipment which is specifically designed for the dressing of the deceased
Dressing Table
For mortuary purposes; will seldom contain more than 4 bodies
Refrigeration Units
OSHA required emergency safety device providing a steady stream of water for flushing the eye
Eyewash equipment
OSHA required saftey device for a release of a copious amount of water in a short time
Quick Drench Shower
OSHA required receptacle for proper disposal of sharps
Sharps Container
OSHA required; large cardboard container, usually on wheels, lined with a heavy duty red hazardous waste bag; leak proof
Bio-hazardous Waste Container
Biological agent or condition that constitutes a hazard to humans
Biohazard
The exhaust system must be ______________________
OSHA approved
The specialized plumbing must be ____________________
OSHA and EPA approved
Those items of protection worn to minimize exposure to hazards; those items worn by the embalmer to avoid contact with blood and other body fluids
Personal Protective Equipment
Specialized clothing or equipment worn by an employee for protection against a hazard
Personal Protective Equipment
A tube used to inject embalming fluid into the blood vascular system
Arterial Tubes
A mechanical device used to impel specially designed metal pins into bone
Needle Injector
A two-piece embalming instrument consisting of a handle and a blade used to make incisions and excisions
Scalpel
An embalming instrument tat is used for blunt dissection and in raising vessels
Aneurysm Hook
An embalming instrument that is used for blunt dissection and in raising vessels, which has an eye in the hook portion for placing ligatures around vessels
Aneurysm Needle
An embalming instrument used for cutting arteries and veins to enable insertion of the arterial tubes into the arteries and drain tubes into the veins
Scissors
Instrument used to guide vein tubes into vessels
Groove Director
An embalming instrument used to maintain the elevation of the vessels above the surface of the skin
Bone Separator
An embalming instrument used to clamp vessels
Hemostats
A multipurpose embalming instrument commonly used for hold cotton swabs, wiping out and disinfecting the eyes, restoration treatment and closing the eyes
Spring Forceps
A general purpose embalming instrument which is primarily used to spread incisions and to afford more working rooms; can also be used to aid in eyecap insertion
Retractors
Clip device used to hold a towel in place for cosmetic application usually positioned around the neck
Towel Clamps
Prep room equipment used to shave both male and female cases
Razor
Tubular instrument of varying diameter and shape, preferably with a plunger, that is inserted into a vein to aid in drainage of blood and to restrict the exit of vascular embalming fluid
Drainage Tube
An embalming instrument commonly used on arterial tubes to stop the flow of fluid
Stop Cocks
Prep room instruments which are used to close cuts and incisions by suturing with ligature
Suture Needles
Embalming instrument used to aspirate the throat by means of the nostrils
Nasal Tube ASpirator
An embalming instrument for aspirating liquid materials from the trunk cavity of autopsied cases
Autopsy Aspirator aka Postmortem Aspirator
Sharply pointed surgical instrument used in cavity embalming to aspirate the cavities and inject cavity fluid. May also be used for supplemental hypodermic embalming
Trocar
Prep room item used to inject embalming chemicals and tissue builder into the body tissues
Hypodermic Syringe and Needle
Prep room equipment used to insert trocar buttons into trocar punctures created when the trocar is inserted into the body
Trocar Button Applicator
An embalming instrument which allows the removal o blood from the body without using the conventional drain tube
Vein Expander aka Drainage Forceps
Prep room equipment used to hold suturing needle and keep them in good condition; an instrument used to hold a suturing needle while suturing
Needle Holder
An embalming instrument whose purpose is to hold arterial tubes in the arteries
Arterial Fixation Forceps (2 or 3 hole clamps)
Clear plastic or rubber; must be temperature sensitive; must be OSHA approved
Tubing
A thin plastic dome-shaped disk used to restore contour just beneath the eyelids; an aid in eye closure
Eyecaps
A plastic threaded screw like device for sealing punctures and small round trocar openings
Trocar Buttons
A device used in the mouth in shaping the contour of the lips
Mouth Formers
Ex. unionalls, coveralls, pants, stockings, and sleeves
Plastic Goods
Prep room item used with suturing needles to suture cuts and incisions
Ligature/Suture Thread
A prep aid used in mouth closure. It is inserted into a needle injector and forced into the mandible and maxilla
Injector Needles
Liquid or aerosol spray
Adhesive
Prep room materials used on cases where the lips and.or eyelids are difficult to close properly
Lip and Lid Cement
Arteries have ___ heavy coats
3
What are the 3 layers of the arteries?
Tunica Intima
Tunica Media
Tunica Adventicia (Externa)
Do arteries have valves?
No
In the youth, what color are arteries?
Cream Colored
In the aged, how are arteries described?
White brittle with noticeable Vasa Vasorum
Describe what happens to an artery when you cut it?
Stands open
Arteries are normally accompanied by these in a common sheath
A vein and nerves
At the edges, arteries are
Thick
Except in the aged, arteries are noticeably
Elastic
What are the lumen like in arteries?
Small
Blood vessels supplying nutrients to the larger arteries and veins
Vasa Vasorum
These tiny blood vessels are distributed to the walls of the larger veins and arteries throughout the vascular system
Vasa Vasorum
Veins have 3 _____ coats
thin
Do veins usually have valves?
Yes (except the vena cava)
Veins are ____ in color when engorged with blood
Blue
When cut, what do the veins do?
Collapse
At the edges, veins are
Thin
Veins have no noticeable what?
Vasa Vasorum
What are the lumen like in the veins?
Large
Nerves are solid and
Striated
What color are nerves?
Glistening White
Do nerves have lumen?
No
Are nerves elastic?
No
Nerves are often mistaken for an
Artery
What do arteries have that veins and nerves do not?
Vasa Vasorum
Nine regions by means of four imaginary planes, two of which are horizontal or transverse and two sagittal
Nine Region Plan
The upper row of the nine region plan is
Right Hypochondriac, Epigastric, left hypochondriac
The middle row of the nine region plan is
Right lumbar (lateral), umbilical, left lumba (Lateral)
The lower row of the nine region plan is
Right Inguinal (iliac), hypogastric, left inguinal (iliac)
Four regions by means of two imaginary planes, one horizontal or transverse, and the other vertical or sagittal
Four region Plan
Where is the point of entry for aspiration?
2 inches to the left and two inches above the umbilicus
Brown coffee ground consistency with acrid odor, sour smell means penetration of the
Stomach
When the trocar is directed toward the intersection of the fifth intercostal space and the left mid-axillary line, it will hit the
Stomach
Yellow fecal matter means penetration of the
Cecum
Yellow bubbles means penetration of the
Urinary Bladder
Clear or red foam or frothy white with no odor means penetration of the
Lungs
The fibrocartilage that joins the two pubic bones in the median plane
Pubic Symphysis
A bony protuberance, that can be palpated topographically, found on the ilium, the superior, broad portion of the hipbone; the origin of the inguinal ligament and the sartorius muscle
Anterior Superior Iliac Spine
Clear fluid which may contain small specks of tissue with no odor or may be creamy white means penetration of the
Brain
