Embalming Lab Manual Part 1 Flashcards by Emily Thomas

The center of embalming circulation is the

Arch of the aorta

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The injection site should be as close as possible to the

Arch of the aorta

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All incisions should be limited to no more than

3 inches long

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The center of venous drainage is the

Right atrium of the heart

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The right side of the heart seen as the center of drainage

Right atrium

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The right atrium is used as a site of drainage via instruments from the

Right internal jugular vein

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The right atrium is used as a direct site of drainage via

Trocar or through the thoracic wall

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Going toward the middle of the body, toward the midsagittal plane

Medial

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Going away from the middle of the body, away from the midsagittal plane

Lateral

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Going toward the surface of the body

Superficial

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Noting a superficial artery, vein, or nerve, or other structure near the body surface

Superficialis

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Going toward the center of the body well below the body surface

Deep

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Situated at or directed toward the front of the body

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Situated at or directed toward the back of the body

Posterior

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To divide into two branches

Bifurcate

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Going toward the head

Superior

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Going toward the feet

Inferior

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To touch or contact as with the tarsal plates of closed eyelids

Abut

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Place of union between two or more bones

Articulation

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Situated or occurring beneath the skin

Subcutaneous

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Vestibule of the oral cavity; the space between the lips, gums, and teeth

Buccal Cavity

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Formation of new channels in a tissue

Canalization

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The hollow space within the artery, vein, intestine, or anatomical, tube-like structure

Lumen

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The lumen of a vessel, artery, and vein will _________ in diametric size as they distance themselves from the aorta and vena cava

Decrease

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The area of the femoral may be inaccessible as an injection site in this disease

Cachexia

General deterioration of the body; a state of ill health, malnutrition, and wasting

Cachexia

May occur in many chronic diseases as certain malignancies and advanced pulmonary tuberculosis

Cachexia

Cachexia is AKA

Wasting Syndrome

May occur in the area of the right common carotid artery caused by instruments at this injection site

Desiccation Marks

After suturing these injection sites, sutures may be visible

Common Carotids, ulnars, and radials

Because of certain anatomical structures, bones, tendons, muscles, cartilage, etc, _________ is often difficult to establish and maintain

Good Drainage

Any surface, prominence, or structure, which is used in establishing the location of an adjacent structure or prominence (usually muscles)

Anatomical Guide

The point of origin and termination of a vessel as expressed in relation to adjacent anatomical structures or prominences

Anatomical Limits

A descriptive reference for locating arteries and veins by means of anatomical structures which are known

Anatomical Guide

Points of origin and points of termination in relation to adjacent structures; used to designate the boundaries of arteries

Anatomical Limits

An imaginary line drawn on the surface of the skin which represents the approximate location of a deeper lying structure or prominence

Linear Guide

A line drawn or visualized on the surface of the skin to represent the approximate location of some deeper lying structure

Linear Guide

Describe the anatomical position

Body is erect, feet together, palms facing forward, and thumbs are pointed away from the body

The right common carotid artery is a terminal branch of the

Brachiocephalic artery

This is the first branch off the arch of the aorta

Brachiocephalic aka Innominate

This is the second branch off the arch of the aorta

Left common carotid

This is the third branch off of the arch of the aorta

Left Subclavian

The linear guide for the common carotid is a point from the

Sternoclavicular articulation to the anterior surface of the lobe of the ear

What is the anatomical guide for the common carotid artery?

Along the medial border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

Which common carotid artery is longer?

The left

The right common carotid begins at the level of the

Sternoclavicular articulation

The Left common carotid artery begins at the level of the

Second costal Cartilage

Both common carotid arteries terminate where?

At the superior border of the thyroid cartilage

The supraclavicular incision is located along the

Superior border of the clavicle bone

The supraclavicular incision is limited to

3 inches

Most prefer the supraclavicular incision to be along the ____________ of the clavicle bone

Medial One Third

A parallel incision is made along the posterior border of the inferior one third of the

Sternocleidomastoid muscle

This method involves the utilization of both common carotids and both internal jugular veins

Restricted Cervical Method

The restricted cervical method is recommended for

Difficult cases

The internal and external carotid arteries originate at the bifurcation of the right and left common carotid arteries at the

Superior border of the thyroid cartilage

The bifurcation of the internal and external carotid arteries will occur

Front to back

The anterior branch of the common carotid artery supplies blood to the face

External Carotid artery

The External carotid artery is the primary blood supply to the

Face

The external carotid artery is which branch

Anterior branch

The posterior branch of the common carotid artery supplies blood to the brain

Internal Carotid Artery

The internal carotid artery is the primary blood supply to the

Brain

The internal carotid artery is which branch

The posterior branch

The internal jugular vein will lie where is relation to the common carotid

Lateral and superficial

The common carotid artery will lie _______________ to the internal jugular vein

Medial and deep

Branch of the external carotid artery that supplies blood to the cheeks and lips

External Facial artery

The external facial artery is AKA

Maxillary Artery

The external facial artery is located along the inferior border of the _______

Mandible

The external facial artery is located just anterior to the

Angle of the mandible

The incision for the external facial artery should be no more than ________ in length

one inch

The incision for the external facial artery should be directly over the

Mandibular Notch

Arises from the right brachiocephalic artery

Right subclavian artery

The right subclavian artery arises from the

Right Brachiocephalic artery

The right subclavian artery begins at the

Sternoclavicular articulation

The left subclavian arises from the

Arch of the aorta (3rd branch)

The left subclavian begins at the level of the

Second Costal Cartilage

Both subclavain arteries terminates at the

Lateral border of the first rib

Which subclavian artery is longer?

Left

Each subclavian artery gives off four branches

Vertebral Internal Mammary Costocervical Thyrocervical

Of the four branches off the subclavians, which are of primary importance?

Vertebral

It is imperative that the subclavian arteries be injected on autopsied cases. Why?

So that the branches can carry fluid to the shoulders and back of the head

The vertebral arteries originates from the

Subclavian arteries

The vertebral arteries terminate by forming this

Basilar artery

Where is the incision for the subclavian artery

Along the inferior border of the lateral one-third of the clavicle bone

This is a continuation o the subclavian artery

Axillary

The axillary artery terminates by becoming the

Brachial artery

The base of the axillary space is the

Arm pit

Established by drawing a line along the fold of skin which envelops the lateral border of the pectoralis major muscle

Anterior Boundary

Established by drawing a line along the fold of skin which envelops the lateral border of the latissimus dorsi muscle

Posterior Boundary

Established by drawing a line which connects the two points where the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi muscles blend into the chest wall

Medial Boundary

Established by drawing a line which connects the two points where the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi muscle blend into the arm

Lateral Boundar

A vertical line drawn from the center of the medial border of the base of the axillary space

Mid-Axillary Line

The linear guide for the axillary artery is through the center of the base of the axillary space and parallel to long axis of the upper extremity when

Abducted

The axillary artery is posterior to the medial border of the

Coracobrachialis muscle

The axillary artery begins at the

Lateral border of the first rib

The axillary artery terminates at the

Inferior border of the tendon of the teres major muscle

The place of incision for the axillary artery is along the anterior margin of the

Hairline of the axilla

The axillary vein is ___________ to the axillary artery

Medial and superficial

The axillary artery is _____________ to the axillary vein

Lateral and deep

A continuation of the axillary artery

Brachial artery

The brachial artery terminates where?

At the bifurcation of the elbow

The brachial artery begins at the inferior border of the tendon of what muscle?

Teres major

The brachial artery terminates at a point just inferior to the

Antecubital fossa

In front of the elbow; in the bend of the elbow

Antecubital

The accompanying vein for the brachial artery is the

Basilic vein

The basilic vein is ____________ to the brachial artery

Medial and superficial

The brachial artery is ________ to the basilic vein

Lateral and Deep

The radial artery originates at the bifurcation of the

Brachial Artery

The radial artery is on which side?

Thumb side

The ulnar artery is on which side?

Pinky side

The radial artery is on the surface of the forearm from the center of the antecubital fossa to the center of the base of the

Second Digit

The radial artery is just lateral to the tendon of the

Flexor carpi radialis muscle

The incision for the raidal and ulnar arteries are located

2 inches above the wrist

Two small veins that lie on either side of the radial and ulnar arteries

Venae Comitantes

The ulnar artery originates at the bifurcation of the

Brachial artery

Which of the bifurcations of the brachial artery is larger?

The Ulnar

The ulnar artery lies lateral to the tendon of the

Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle

Formed in the palm of the hand, just inferior to the fingers by the juncture as well as the branches of the radial and ulnar arteries

Volar Arch

Referring to the correct anatomical position, the volar arch is _________ to the fingers

Superior

The first branch off the aortic arch

Brachiocephalic Artery

The brachiocephalic artery is about how long?

2-3 inches

The brachiocephalic artery is on which side?

Right side only

The right brachiocephalic vein will lie ___________ to the right brachiocephalic artery

Lateral and superficial

The right brachiocephalic artery will lie __________ to the right brachiocephalic vein

Medial and Deep

The brachiocephalic vein is also known as the

Innominate vein

The brachiocephalic vein, aka innominate vein, is on which side?

Left and right

The brachiocephalic artery is also known as the

Innominate Artery

The aorta begins in the

Left Ventricle of the heart

The aorta is divided into how many parts?

The aorta is divided into 3 parts. What are they?

Ascending aorta Arch of the aorta Descending aorta

The Descending aorta is divided into two sections. What are they?

Descending thoracic and Descending abdominal

The ascending aorta arises from the

Left ventricle of the heart

The arch of the aorta continues from the

Ascending aorta

The arch of the aorta is the center of

Embalming Circulation

This is excluded from embalming circulation

Heart

The heart is excluded from embalming circulation because __________________ shut down

The tricuspid and bicuspid/mitral valves

The descending thoracic aorta is on the

Left side of the spine

The diaphragm is also called the

Phrenic muscle

What divides the descending thoracic aorta from the descending abdominal aorta?

The Diaphragm

All major trunk arteries arise or originate from the

Descending Aorta

To inject an infant, an incision is made from the xiphoid process of the sternum to the umbilicus to the left of the midline to raise this as an injection site

Descending abdominal aorta

The drainage site for an infant would be the

Inferior Vena Cava

Both vena cava empty into the

Right atrium of the heart

The vena cava lie to the _______ of the spine

Right

All veins have valves except for the

Vena cava

All veins will eventually drain into the

Vena Cava

The juncture of the superior and inferior vena cava form the

Right Atrium of the heart

The common iliac artery originates from the

Descending abdominal aorta

The common iliac artery bifurcates into the

Right and left common iliac arteries

The common iliac vein lies directly ___________ to the common iliac artery

Inferior

The common iliac artery lies directly ___________ to the common iliac vein

Superior

The vascular system twists at the ___________ reversing the relationship arteries have to veins

Base of the Spine

The external iliac artery is an extension of the

Common iliac artery

The anatomical guide for the external iliac artery is along the medial border of the

psoas major muscle

The external iliac vein lies __________ to the external iliac artery

Medial and deep

The external iliac artery will lies ________ to the external iliac vein

Lateral and Superficial

The internal artery originates fromt he

Common iliac artery

The internal iliac artery branches off approximately half way down the

Psoas Major muscle

The internal iliac artery carries blood to the

Pubic viscera

This artery is usually severed in autopsied cases

Internal Iliac

Another name for the internal iliac artery is

Hypogastric artery

This is a continuation of the external iliac artery

Femoral artery

The linear guide for the femoral artery is on the surface of the thigh from the center of the inguinal ligament to a canter point on the

medial condyle of the femur bone

Rounded articular process of a bone

Condyle

Describe the anatomical guide for the femoral artery

Through the center of the femoral triangle bounded laterally by the sartorius muscle and medially by the adductur longus muscle

The femoral artery begins at a point posterior to the center of the

Inguinal Ligament

The femoral artery terminates at the opening of the

Adductor magnus muscle

You would incise at any portion of the ____________ of the linear guide of the femoral artery

Superior two-thirds

The femoral vein is medial at the inguinal ligament progressing to immediately posterior at the

Apex of the femoral triangle

The femoral vein will lie __________ to the femoral artery

Medial and deep

The femoral artery will lie __________ to the femoral vein

Lateral and superficial

The base of the femoral triangle is the

Inguinal ligament aka Pouparts ligament

The medial boundary of the femoral triangle is the

Adductor longus muscle

The lateral boundary of the femoral triangle is the

Sartorius Muscle

The muscle which is not included in the femoral triangle but is found at the bottom of the femoral triangle is the

Adductor Magnus muscle

Will bifurcate from the anterior aspect of the femoral artery within scarpa's triangle and descend along the lateral aspect of the thigh

Profunda Femoris Artery

The Profunda Femoris Artery will terminate at the

Knee

The Femoral Triangle is also known as the

Scarpa's triangle Hunter's Canal Popliteal Space

An extension of the femoral artery is the

Popliteal Artery

The linear guide for the popliteal artery is through the center of the popliteal space, parallel to the

Long axis of the lower extremity

The popliteal artery begins at the opening of the

Adductor Magnus Muscle

The Popliteal artery terminates at the

Inferior border of the popliteus muscle

Where would you incise to raise the popliteal artery?

Parallel incision on the posterior medial aspect of the thigh just superior to the popliteal space

These are the bifurcations of the popliteal artery

Anterior and posterior tibial arteries

The anterior tibial artery is from the lateral border of the patella to the

Anterior surface of the ankle joing

You would incise to raise the anterior tibial artery where?

Along the lateral margin of the inferior one-third of the crest of the tibia bone

The posterior tibial artery linear guide is from the center of the popliteal space to a point midway between the

Medial malleolus and the calcaneus bone

The incision for the posterior tibial artery is midway between the

Medial malleolus and calcaneus bones

The anterior tibial artery extends into the

Dorsalis pedis artery

The dorsalis pedis linear guide is from the center o the

Anterior surface of the ankle joint to a point midway between the first and second digits

This is formed anteriorly by the dorsalis pedis artery

S. Plantars Arch

This is formed posteriorly by the posterior tibial artery

S. Plantars Arch

Where is the S. Plantars Arch formed

At the base of the digits

List the factors governing selection of arteries to be used for injection

``` Age Sex Weight Fat Distribution Disfigurations Disease Edema Location obstruction Trauma Medico-legal requirements Autopsy protocol Medical examiner/coroner ```

General deterioration of the body; a state of ill health, malnutrition, and wasting; it may occur in many chronic diseases as certain malignancies and advanced pulmonary tuberculosis

Cachexia aka Wasting Syndrome

Abnormal accumulation of fluids in tissue or body cavities

Edema

Severe generalized edema

Anasarca

A physical injury or wound caused by external force or violence

Trauma

Preparation room item used with suturing needles to suture cuts and incisions

Ligature

The separation and pushing aside of the superficial fascia leading to blood vessels and then the deep fascia surrounding blood vessels, utilizing manual techniques or round ended instruments which separate rather than cut protective tissues

Blunt Dissection

To tie off an artery and vein upon completion of embalming

Ligate

Lying at right angles to the long axis of the body

Transverse Incision

A vascular incision made on vessels by cutting in an oblique or slanting direction

Diagonal Incision

A vascular incision that is made length-wise on a vessel

Longitudinal Incision

A vascular incision created by making a short transverse incision at a right angle to the long axis of the vessel; then with the point of the scissors inserted into the original opening, a second incision is made parallel to the long axis of the vessel

T-Shaped Incision

A vascular incision which is made by cutting a small triangular wedge from the wall of the vessel

Triangular (wedge) Incision

Which should be inserted first (for ease), the arterial tube or the drain tube?

Drain tube

The process of converting soluble protein to insoluble protein by heating or contact with a chemical such as an alcohol or an aldehyde

Coagulation

The solidification of a solution into a gelatinous mass

Coagulation

A specific form of coagulation is

Agglutination

Made with a single suturing needle with a non-cutting edge and is used on exposed areas of the body, particularly in plastic surgery operations

Single Intradermal, Subcutaneous, or Hidden Stitch

Made in the same manner as the single intradermal stitch, except that a suturing needle is used on each end of the ligature, and the ligatures are crossed at each stitch, using criss-cross motion just like tying shoes, which gives more protection against leakage than the single

Double intradermal or subcutaneous suture

A type of stitch used on baseball covers and was the type of incision used by the egyptians

Baseball aka Sail Stitch

Usually an s curved suturing needle with a cutting edge is used, the stitch is made from beneath, up through the skin and the needle is crossed from side to side with each stich

Baseball aka Sail Stitch

Makes for a strong closure, but pulls the tissues adjacent to the incision upward into a ridge

Baseball aka Sail Stitch

Makes a tight, leakproof closure, but creates an unsightly ridge on the surface of the incision

Lock, half, Blanket Suture

After the suturing needle has passed through the tissue, lock the stitch by looping it through the ligature, which is being held, releasing the ligature long enough to complete the loop, then capture the ligature and pull it tight again

Lock, Half, Blanket Suture

In making this suture, the surface ligature is anchored around pins

Figure 8 suture

The figure 8 suture is considered a ______________________ suture

Temporary

What is the suggested use for the figure 8 suture?

To bring and hold the lips of the incision together before and during the embalming operation until a more permanent closure and repair is made

Another suggested use of the figure 8 suture is to assist in permanent closure by bringing and holding

The lip of the incision together when an adhesive or sealer is used inside

The figure 8 suture is usually used only on

Exposed Areas

The same as the intradermal suture except this stitch penetrates completely through the skin

Draw stitch

Why is the draw stitch called such?

Because it draws the sides of the incision together

The same as the single intradermal suture except the stitches are made parallel to the incision

Worm Stitch

The worm stitch is easily ________ if used on exposed areas of the body

Waxed over

This is used to turn under excess margins of the skin

Worm Suture

Used by passing the ligature through both sides of the incision from the outside going from one side to the other as the incision is sutured

Whip Stitch aka Continuous Glover Suture aka Roll Stitch

Individual stitch knotted at the tissue edge

Bridge Suture aka Temporary Interrupted Suture

Normally ised as a temporary suture to align tissues prior to embalming

Bridge Suture aka Temporary Interrupted Suture

A suture used to close small punctures or holes

Purse String Suture

A series of small stitches are made through the skin around the circumference of the opening, and the ends of the thread are then knotted

Purse String Suture

What are some other methods with which to close incisions which do not involve the use of sutures?

Liquid Adhesive, Spray Sealing Compound, or Cream Sealing Compound

A motorized injector used to create positive pressure as required in vascular embalming

Pressure Embalming Macines

Apparatus that is connected to the water supply; when the water is turned on a suction is developed and is used to aspirate the contents of the body's cavities

Hydroaspirator

A device that uses a motor to create a suction for the purpose of aspiration

Electric Aspirator

Apparatus used to inject arterial fluid during the vascular phase of the embalming process; relies on gravity to create the pressure required to deliver the fluid

Gravity Injector

How many pounds of pressure per one foot of elevation for a gravity injector?

.43 pounds

Historical instrument resembling a large hypodermic syringe attached to a bottle apparatus; used to create either pressure for injection or vacuum for aspiration

Hand Pump (Historical)

Self-contained, soft rubber manual pump designed to create pressure to deliver fluid as it passes through one-way valves located within the bulb. Used only to deliver fluids; cannot be used for aspiration

Bulb-Syringe (Historical)

An electrically heated blade which may be used to dry moist tissue, reduce swollen tissue, and restore contour

Electric Spatula

Equipment used to dry the hair of the deceased and is made specifically for mortuary use

Hair Dryer

Prep room equipment which is designed to eliminate the physical strain of moving caskets and bodies by hand

Body Lifts

E.G. chemical, heat/pressure

Sterilizers

Head rests, arm rests, shoulder rests, foot rests

Impermeable Position devices

Prep room equipment on which human remains are placed for the embalming procedure

Embalming Table

Prep room equipment which is specifically designed for the dressing of the deceased

Dressing Table

For mortuary purposes; will seldom contain more than 4 bodies

Refrigeration Units

OSHA required emergency safety device providing a steady stream of water for flushing the eye

Eyewash equipment

OSHA required saftey device for a release of a copious amount of water in a short time

Quick Drench Shower

OSHA required receptacle for proper disposal of sharps

Sharps Container

OSHA required; large cardboard container, usually on wheels, lined with a heavy duty red hazardous waste bag; leak proof

Bio-hazardous Waste Container

Biological agent or condition that constitutes a hazard to humans

Biohazard

The exhaust system must be ______________________

OSHA approved

The specialized plumbing must be ____________________

OSHA and EPA approved

Those items of protection worn to minimize exposure to hazards; those items worn by the embalmer to avoid contact with blood and other body fluids

Personal Protective Equipment

Specialized clothing or equipment worn by an employee for protection against a hazard

Personal Protective Equipment

A tube used to inject embalming fluid into the blood vascular system

Arterial Tubes

A mechanical device used to impel specially designed metal pins into bone

Needle Injector

A two-piece embalming instrument consisting of a handle and a blade used to make incisions and excisions

Scalpel

An embalming instrument tat is used for blunt dissection and in raising vessels

Aneurysm Hook

An embalming instrument that is used for blunt dissection and in raising vessels, which has an eye in the hook portion for placing ligatures around vessels

Aneurysm Needle

An embalming instrument used for cutting arteries and veins to enable insertion of the arterial tubes into the arteries and drain tubes into the veins

Scissors

Instrument used to guide vein tubes into vessels

Groove Director

An embalming instrument used to maintain the elevation of the vessels above the surface of the skin

Bone Separator

An embalming instrument used to clamp vessels

Hemostats

A multipurpose embalming instrument commonly used for hold cotton swabs, wiping out and disinfecting the eyes, restoration treatment and closing the eyes

Spring Forceps

A general purpose embalming instrument which is primarily used to spread incisions and to afford more working rooms; can also be used to aid in eyecap insertion

Retractors

Clip device used to hold a towel in place for cosmetic application usually positioned around the neck

Towel Clamps

Prep room equipment used to shave both male and female cases

Razor

Tubular instrument of varying diameter and shape, preferably with a plunger, that is inserted into a vein to aid in drainage of blood and to restrict the exit of vascular embalming fluid

Drainage Tube

An embalming instrument commonly used on arterial tubes to stop the flow of fluid

Stop Cocks

Prep room instruments which are used to close cuts and incisions by suturing with ligature

Suture Needles

Embalming instrument used to aspirate the throat by means of the nostrils

Nasal Tube ASpirator

An embalming instrument for aspirating liquid materials from the trunk cavity of autopsied cases

Autopsy Aspirator aka Postmortem Aspirator

Sharply pointed surgical instrument used in cavity embalming to aspirate the cavities and inject cavity fluid. May also be used for supplemental hypodermic embalming

Trocar

Prep room item used to inject embalming chemicals and tissue builder into the body tissues

Hypodermic Syringe and Needle

Prep room equipment used to insert trocar buttons into trocar punctures created when the trocar is inserted into the body

Trocar Button Applicator

An embalming instrument which allows the removal o blood from the body without using the conventional drain tube

Vein Expander aka Drainage Forceps

Prep room equipment used to hold suturing needle and keep them in good condition; an instrument used to hold a suturing needle while suturing

Needle Holder

An embalming instrument whose purpose is to hold arterial tubes in the arteries

Arterial Fixation Forceps (2 or 3 hole clamps)

Clear plastic or rubber; must be temperature sensitive; must be OSHA approved

Tubing

A thin plastic dome-shaped disk used to restore contour just beneath the eyelids; an aid in eye closure

Eyecaps

A plastic threaded screw like device for sealing punctures and small round trocar openings

Trocar Buttons

A device used in the mouth in shaping the contour of the lips

Mouth Formers

Ex. unionalls, coveralls, pants, stockings, and sleeves

Plastic Goods

Prep room item used with suturing needles to suture cuts and incisions

Ligature/Suture Thread

A prep aid used in mouth closure. It is inserted into a needle injector and forced into the mandible and maxilla

Injector Needles

Liquid or aerosol spray

Adhesive

Prep room materials used on cases where the lips and.or eyelids are difficult to close properly

Lip and Lid Cement

Arteries have ___ heavy coats

What are the 3 layers of the arteries?

Tunica Intima Tunica Media Tunica Adventicia (Externa)

Do arteries have valves?

In the youth, what color are arteries?

Cream Colored

In the aged, how are arteries described?

White brittle with noticeable Vasa Vasorum

Describe what happens to an artery when you cut it?

Stands open

Arteries are normally accompanied by these in a common sheath

A vein and nerves

At the edges, arteries are

Thick

Except in the aged, arteries are noticeably

Elastic

What are the lumen like in arteries?

Small

Blood vessels supplying nutrients to the larger arteries and veins

Vasa Vasorum

These tiny blood vessels are distributed to the walls of the larger veins and arteries throughout the vascular system

Vasa Vasorum

Veins have 3 _____ coats

thin

Do veins usually have valves?

Yes (except the vena cava)

Veins are ____ in color when engorged with blood

Blue

When cut, what do the veins do?

Collapse

At the edges, veins are

Thin

Veins have no noticeable what?

Vasa Vasorum

What are the lumen like in the veins?

Large

Nerves are solid and

Striated

What color are nerves?

Glistening White

Do nerves have lumen?

Are nerves elastic?

Nerves are often mistaken for an

Artery

What do arteries have that veins and nerves do not?

Vasa Vasorum

Nine regions by means of four imaginary planes, two of which are horizontal or transverse and two sagittal

Nine Region Plan

The upper row of the nine region plan is

Right Hypochondriac, Epigastric, left hypochondriac

The middle row of the nine region plan is

Right lumbar (lateral), umbilical, left lumba (Lateral)

The lower row of the nine region plan is

Right Inguinal (iliac), hypogastric, left inguinal (iliac)

Four regions by means of two imaginary planes, one horizontal or transverse, and the other vertical or sagittal

Four region Plan

Where is the point of entry for aspiration?

2 inches to the left and two inches above the umbilicus

Brown coffee ground consistency with acrid odor, sour smell means penetration of the

Stomach

When the trocar is directed toward the intersection of the fifth intercostal space and the left mid-axillary line, it will hit the

Stomach

Yellow fecal matter means penetration of the

Cecum

Yellow bubbles means penetration of the

Urinary Bladder

Clear or red foam or frothy white with no odor means penetration of the

Lungs

The fibrocartilage that joins the two pubic bones in the median plane

Pubic Symphysis

A bony protuberance, that can be palpated topographically, found on the ilium, the superior, broad portion of the hipbone; the origin of the inguinal ligament and the sartorius muscle

Anterior Superior Iliac Spine

Clear fluid which may contain small specks of tissue with no odor or may be creamy white means penetration of the

Brain