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microbiology lecture 5 Flashcards

1
Q

gram positive release __ to cause disease

A

exotoxins

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2
Q

spore forming rods can __

A

hibernate (spores give protection)

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3
Q

bacillus anthracis

A

unique protein capsule (antiphagocytic)
in animals or soil
AEROBIC
3 proteins: edema factor, protective antigen, lethal factor

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4
Q

pXO1 vs pXO2

A

both for bacillus anthracis and both for virulence
pXO1 is what bacillus anthracis is encoded on
pXO2 encodes the capsule genes

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5
Q

bacillus cereus

A

food poisoning
enterotoxin (exotoxin affecting respiratory tract)

2 types:
- heat labile: sickness, 12-24 hours
- heat stable: SEVERE sickness, short incubation

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6
Q

clostridium

A

ANAEROBIC
powerful exotoxins and rapid diagnosis

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7
Q

clostridium botulinum

A

food poisoning - rapid and fatal
caused by improper canned veg
blocks Ach release

infant botulism - honey with spores causes neurotoxin release - trouble swallowing and muscle weakness`

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7
Q

clostridium botulinum

A

food poisoning - rapid and fatal
caused by improper canned veg
blocks Ach release

infant botulism - honey with spores causes neurotoxin release - trouble swallowing and muscle weakness`

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8
Q

clostridium tetani

A

sustained contraction of skeletal muscles like lock jaw
booster every 10 years

not always tetanus from rusty nails, they have to have spores in them

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9
Q

clostridium perfringens

A

gas gangrene

wound infection/ cellulitis
clostridial myonecrosis

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10
Q

clostridium difficile

A

exotoxins released:
TOXIN A: diarrhea
TOXIN B: cytotoxic to colon cells

overuse of broad spectrum antibiotics
probiotics

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11
Q

non-spore forming rods can…

A

not hibernate

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12
Q

listeria monocytogenes

A

psychrophile, fridge temp
crosses 3 protective barriers (blood-brain, fetoplacental, GI)
in soft cheese, unpasturized milk, cold cuts

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13
Q

corynebacterium diptheriae

A

treatment: antitoxin, penicillin/ erythromycin, DPT vaccine
pharynx colonization, release of exotoxins into bloodstream

exotoxin damage to heart and neural cells

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14
Q

gram negative bacilli are __

A

enterics

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15
Q

enterics

A

part of normal intestinal flora but can also cause disease

divided by biochemical and antigenic properties

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16
Q

the enterobacteriaceae group includes…

A

salmonellae, shigellae, E. coli

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17
Q

the vibrionaceae group includes….

A

vibrio, campylobacter

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18
Q

the pseudomonadaceae group includes

A

pseudomonas

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19
Q

the last group is called

A

bacterioidaceae

20
Q

biochemical classification 1

A

ability to ferment lactose
- EMB media (dark purple/ black)
-MacConkey media (pink/ purple)

both inhibit gram +
both SELECTIVE AND DIFFERENTIAL

21
Q

biochemical classification 2

A

H2S production

22
Q

biochemical classification 3

A

hydrolysis of urea

23
Q

biochemical classification 4

A

liquefy gelatin

24
Q

biochemical classification 5

A

decarboxylation of a.a.

25
Q

surface antigens

A

O-antigen - outermost layer of LPS
K-antigen - covers O-antigen, describes capsule
H-antigen - motile, flagella

26
Q

Salmonellae

A

non-lactose fermenter
reservoirs (except Typhi)

27
Q

enterocolitis

A

tummy problems
stool culture for diagnosis

S. enterica serovar enteritidis
-ingestion of contaminated food (undercooked)
-person to person
S. enterica serovar Typhimurium

28
Q

enteric fever

A

(not caused by exotoxin)
bacterial multiplication in lymphoid tissue, generalized infection
S. enterica serovar Typhi - causes typhoid fever
S. enterica serovar Paratyphi

untreated: 10% mortality
convalescent carrier: 3 month bacteria excretion
chronic carrier: 6+ month bacteria excretion

29
Q

shigellae

A

non-lactose fermenter
acute diarrhea with mucous pus and blood

shigella sonnei - where we live
shigella dysenteriae - tropics (SEVERE)

30
Q

Diarrhea with complications 1

A

diarrhea with or without systemic invasion
- vibrio cholera
- no fever, watery diarrhea
- exotoxin = diarrhea, enterotoxin = fluid loss

31
Q

Diarrhea with complications 2

A

diarrhea with intestinal epithelial cell invasion
- shigella
-BLOODY STOOLS, fever

32
Q

Diarrhea with complications 3

A

diarrhea with lymph node and bloodstream invasion
- S. Typhi, Yersinia enterocolitica, Campylobacter jejuni
- diarrhea with white and red cells

33
Q

Virbio cholerae

A

MASSIVE 10-15 L loss per day!!
severe dehydration
watery diarrhea
water-borne
GI illness

34
Q

Pseudomonas

A

opportunistic
moist places
respiratory pathogens

35
Q

pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

cystic fibrosis pt.
bad for burn pt.
non-lactose fermenting

36
Q

pseudomonas cepacia

A

cystic fibrosis pt.
multiply in low nutrient env.
water/ saline sol contaminant

37
Q

Helicobacter pylori

A

microaerophillic
STOMACH ULCERS
UREASE: increases pH in stomach

38
Q

Campylobacter

A

jejuni and coli
MICROAEROPHILIC

39
Q

Escherichia coli

A

most numerous aerobic
lactose fermenting
responsible for bacteriuria
causes gastroenteritis
in neonatal meningitis and nosocomial urinary/ wound infections

40
Q

enteroTOXIGENIC E. coli

A

travellers diarrhea

41
Q

enteroINVASIVE E. coli

A

shigellosis symptoms

42
Q

enteroPATHOGENIC E. coli

A

old name for serotype for infant diarrhea

43
Q

E. coli O157:H7

A

haemorrhagic colitis
hamburger disease

44
Q

Legionella pneumonphila

A

opportunistic
no person to person
water-borne
pneumonia

45
Q

Chronobacter spp

A

POWDERED INFANT FORMULA (C. sakazakii)
nosocomial and wound infections

46
Q

Haemophilus influenzae

A

nasopharyngeal flora
meningitis, pneumonia, joint infections

can increase bronchial inflammation in chronic bronchitis pt.

47
Q

Bordetella pertussis

A

WHOOPING COUGH
4 virulence factors
- pertussis toxin (A and B)
- cytoplasmic adenylate cyclase
-tracheal cytotoxin
-filamentous hemagglutinin

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