environmental challenges 5 Flashcards
technology causes…
high population growth after around 1900s
peak people
the highest population we’ll reach
UN estimates population will stabilize at 10-11 billion people
J curve
grows exponentially until there are constraints, then sudden drop
population explosion (biotic potential)
shape of curve is a J
S curve
grows exponentially until a standstill from limiting factors (ex. humidity)
population held in balance by environmental resistance
shape of curve is an S (logistic growth curve)
CBR
births per 1000 people per year
CDR
deaths per 1000 per year
TFR (total fertility rate)
children born to average women in her lifetime
replacement level fertility
fertility rate that will replace 1 woman and her partner
ALWAYS NEEDS TO BE ABOVE 2
2.1 in Canada!!!
2.5 in low income countries!!
THE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION
model of economic and cultural change to explain the declining death and birth rates in industrializing nations
THE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION: the stages
- pre-industrial stage - high birth and death rate
- transitional stage - death rate declines from increased health and food production
- industrial stage - birth rate declines from woman opportunities increased and birth control
- post-industrial stage
- birth rate and death rate low
THE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION: Canada, where are we now?
POST-INDUSTRIAL STAGE (low birth and death rates)
THE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION: other current positions
pre-industrial stage - world 1867
transitional stage - congo
industrial stage - bangladesh
post-industrial stage - canada and italy
