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Year 1 Microbiology > Microbial metabolism > Flashcards

Microbial metabolism Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Lag phase?

A
  1. Initial period of adaptation to a new environment2. Increase in metabolic activity3. Sensitive to antimicrobials4. Little to no cell division
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2
Q

During what stage(s) are bacteria susceptible to antimicrobials?

A
  1. Lag2. Exponential
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3
Q

Exponential phase

A
  1. Rapid multiplication by binary fission2. Most susceptible to antibiotics
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4
Q

Stationary phase

A
  1. Nutrients depleted, waste products accumulate2. Decreased growth rate3. Spore forming bacteria initiate sporulation
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5
Q

During what growth phase do spore forming bacteria begin sporulation?

A

Stationary phase

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6
Q

Decline phase

A

More bacteria die than are generated

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7
Q

Obligate aerobe

A

Bacteria that require oxygen and metabolize by respiration

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8
Q

Obligate anaerobe

A

Bacteria that are inhibited or killed by oxygen and utilize fermentation exclusively for energy production

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9
Q

Facultative anaerobe

A
  1. Bacteria that grow well under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. If oxygen is available they respire, if not they use fermentation2. Majority of bacteria
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10
Q

Microaerophilic

A

Require 5-10% oxygen for optimal growth

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11
Q

What does catalase (or peroxidase) do?

A

Breaks down H2O2 into O2 and H2O

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12
Q

What does superoxide dismutase do?

A

Detoxifies O2- to H2O and O2

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13
Q

What must bacteria synthesize to make nucleic acids, making it a target for antibiotics?

A

Folate

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14
Q

What do quinolones target?

A

DNA gyrase

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15
Q

What drug class targets DNA gyrase?

A

Quinolones

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16
Q

What does rifampin target?

A

Bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase

17
Q

What is the precursor subunit of peptidoglycan?

A

UDP-N-acetyl muramic acid

18
Q

Where is UDP-N-acetyl muramic acid synthesized?

A

Bacterial cytoplasm

19
Q

What is added to the 3rd carbon of UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine to make UDP-N-acetyl muramic acid?

A

Lactyl group

20
Q

What occurs once UDP-NAM is made?

A

5 amino acids are added to it

21
Q

What happens to the UDP-NAM-pentapeptide after it is formed?

A

Transferred from UDP to bactoprenol phosphate at membrane surface

22
Q

What happens to bactoprenol-NAM-pentapeptide to form the final disaccharide-pentapeptide precursor product?

A

NAG is transferred from UDP-NAG to it

23
Q

How are the peptide side chains linked together?

A

Transpeptidation

24
Q

What is transpeptidation?

A
  1. Cross linking of peptide chains by peptide bond exchange2. Occurs on outer leaflet of plasma membrane
25
Q

Where does transpeptidation occur?

A

Outer leaflet of plasma membrane

Year 1 Microbiology (42 decks)

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