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Year 1 Microbiology > Bacterial zoonoses II > Flashcards

Bacterial zoonoses II Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the shape for borrelia?

A

Long spirochete

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2
Q

What causes Lyme disease in the US?

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

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3
Q

What is the main vector for Lyme disease?

A

Ixodes spp. (hard tick)

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4
Q

What is the characteristic presentation of a borrelia burgdorferi bite / infection?

A

Bull’s eye rash

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5
Q

What characterizes late infection of borrelia burgdorferi?

A

Arthritis - one or more joints, skin discoloration, neurologic complaints

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6
Q

What is the treatment for early stage Lyme disease? Late stage?

A
  1. Early stage - cefuroxime + doxycycline + amoxicillin 2. Late stage - ceftriaxone + doxycycline + amoxicillin
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7
Q

What are the two types of relapsing fever?

A

Epidemic and endemic

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8
Q

What is the cause of epidemic relapsing fever?

A

Borrelia recurrentis (louse-borne)

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9
Q

What is the cause of endemic relapsing fever?

A

Borrelia hermsii (tick-borne)

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10
Q

How does borrelia evade the immune system during relapsing fever infection?

A

Antigenic variation

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11
Q

Is epidemic relapsing fever a zoonotic disease?

A

No - human to human

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12
Q

What is the treatment for relapsing fever?

A

Tetracycline or erythromycin

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13
Q

What is the gram stain for rickettsia?

A

Gram negative (weakly)

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14
Q

What is the pathogenesis of rickettsia?

A
  1. Organisms infect vascular epithelium of small blood vessels 2. Facilitate own entry into host cell 3. Escape vacuoles and enter cytoplasm 4. Limited ability to survive outside host cell
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15
Q

How does rickettsia manifest in the skin?

A

Inflammation, thrombosis, erythrocyte leakage - rash or petechia

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16
Q

How does rickettsia manifest in systemic disease?

A

Vascular lesions throughout body, dependent on virulence and tissue tropism of strain / species involved

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17
Q

What are the vectors for rocky mountain spotted fever?

A

Dog tick, rocky mountain wood tick

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18
Q

When are most cases of rocky mountain spotted fever reported?

A

Between April and September

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19
Q

How does rocky mountain spotted fever present?

A
  1. Fever 2. Rash 2-5 days after fever - small flat pink non-itchy spots on wrists, forearms, and ankles
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20
Q

What type of spread is associated with rocky mountain spotted fever?

A

Centripetal

21
Q

What is the presentation of untreated rocky mountain spotted fever?

A

Disseminated intravascular coagulation, thrombocytopenia, pulmonary edema, renal failure, GI hemorrhage, shock

22
Q

What is the treatment for rocky mountain spotted fever?

A

Tetracycline (doxycycline)

23
Q

What is the gram stain for ehrlichia and anaplasma?

A

Gram negative (weakly)

24
Q

Ehrlichia and anaplasma primarily parasitize what cell types?

A

Monocytes and granulocytes

25
Q

What are morulae?

A

Colonies of ehrlichia / anaplasma inside vacuoles

26
Q

What causes human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME)?

A

Ehrlichia chaffeensis

27
Q

What causes human gradulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE)?

A

Anaplasma phagocytophilium

28
Q

What protects ehrlichia and anaplasma from humoral immune response?

A

Intracellular location

29
Q

What is the pathogenesis of ehrlichia / anaplasma infection?

A

Derailment of phagolysozome maturation

30
Q

What leads to resolution of ehrlichia / anaplasma infection?

A

INFy-mediated activation of macrophages

31
Q

What is the principle vector for human monocytic ehrlichiosis?

A

Lone Star Tick

32
Q

What is the principle vector for human granulocytic ehrlichiosis?

A

Ixodes tick

33
Q

Which is the treatment for ehrlichiosis?

A

Tetracycline (doxycycline)

34
Q

What is the gram stain for coxiella burnetii?

A

Gram negative

35
Q

Coxiella burnetii causes what disease?

A

Q fever

36
Q

Q fever is caused by what organism?

A

Coxiella burnetii

37
Q

What is the pathogenesis of coxiella burnetii?

A

Reside and replicate within fully acidified phagolysosomes of macrophages and monocytes (do not derail their formation)

38
Q

Which variant of coxiella burnetii can survive harsh condition, similar to a spore?

A

Small cell variant

39
Q

What is the treatment for Q fever?

A

Tetracycline (doxycycline)

40
Q

What is the gram stain for bartonella?

A

Gram negative

41
Q

What is the shape of bartonella?

A

Rod

42
Q

What causes trench fever?

A

Bartonella quintana

43
Q

What causes cat scratch fever?

A

Bartonella henselae

44
Q

How is trench fever transmitted?

A

Body louse - bacteria excreted via feces then rubbed into skin / wound by scratching the bite

45
Q

What is the treatment for trench fever?

A

Aminoglycoside (gentamicin) or macrolide (erythromycin)

46
Q

How is cat scratch fever transmitted?

A

Inoculation of flea feces into a cat scratch or bite

47
Q

What type of fever is associated with brucellosis?

A

Occurs daily, recurs in the evening, normal by morning, ends in a drenching sweat

48
Q

What type of fever is associated with borrelia?

A

Occurs every 7-10 days, lasts 7-10 days

Year 1 Microbiology (42 decks)

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