Bacterial infections of the CNS II Flashcards
What is the gram staining for S. agalactiae?
Gram positive
What is the shape of S. agalactiae?
Long chains
What is the catalase test for S. agalactiae?
Negative
What is the hemolysis pattern for S. agalactiae?
Beta
What is the most common cause of sepsis and meningitis in neonates less than 2 months of age?
S. agalactiae
What are the virulence factors for S. agalactiae?
Polysaccharide capsule, absence of maternal antibodies
What is the risk of GBS transmission from from mother to child during birth?
2%
What is the treatment for GBS infection?
Penicillin
What is the prevention for GBS?
- Universal screening of pregnant women 2. NO vaccine
What is the gram stain for HIB?
Gram negative
What does HIB require for growth?
Hemin (X) and NAD (V) factors
What do the non-encapsulated strains of HIB cause?
Pinkeye, otitis media, sinusitis
What do the encapsulated strains of HIB cause?
Meningitis, epiglottitis
Which meningitis-causing pathogen is associated with hearing loss?
HIB
What is the diagnosis for HIB?
Gram stain, latex agglutination
When is HIB vaccination initiated?
2 months of age
What is the gram stain of clostridium tetani?
Gram positive
Does clostridium tetani form spores?
Yes (“drumstick” appearance)
What type of toxin is the tetanus toxin?
A-B toxin
What is the pathogenesis of the tetanus toxin?
- B binds to motor neurons 2. Toxin internalized and transported to spinal cord 3. Inactivates release of inhibitory neurotransmitters 4. SPASTIC PARALYSIS
What is the treatment for tetanus?
- Passive - administer Ig 2. Active - vaccinate with tetanus toxoid
What is the goal for tetanus treatment?
Remove any unbound toxin (binding is irreversible)
When is tetanus vaccination initiated?
2 months of age (boosters every 10 years)
What is the gram stain for clostridium botulinum?
Gram positive
