Microbial infection Flashcards

1
Q

What are viruses?

A

Obligate parasites that divide by cytolysis or budding out of host cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a retro virus?

A

Has RNA as its genetic material. Has an enzyme called reverse transcriptase in capsid; RNA can be converted to DNA and viral DNA can be inserted into human genome by an integrase.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What cancer does human papilloma viruses cause?

A

Cervical cancer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What kind of cell is bacteria?

A

Prokaryote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Key points of prokaryotes

A

Don’t have internal membranes. Single copy of chromosome (haploid). Contain peptidoglycan in cell wall. Divide by binary fission. Poorly defined cytoskeleton.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why are mutations expressed immediately in prokaryotes?

A

Only contain one copy of the gene.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What gives bacteria its shape?

A

Peptidoglycan in cell wall.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is shigella transmitted?

A

Faecal-oral transmission.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the infectious dose of shigella?

A

10-100 bacteria.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does shigella spread?

A

Using host cell actin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Damage caused by shigella?

A

Destroys cells in the GI Tract.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is septicemia?

A

Severe inflammatory response that causes septic shock. Caused when bacteria enter the blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What kind of bacteria is Neisseria meningitidis?

A

Harmless commensal bacterium. Under certain conditions can become a potentially lethal disease that can cause sepsis and acute meningitis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

H. pylori (Heliobacter pylori) can cause what?

A

Peptic ulcer and gastric cancer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why are mutations more common in bacteria than humans?

A

Generation time is much quicker and haploid organism so only require one gene to have effect.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What kind of cell are fungi?

A

Eukaryotes.

17
Q

Example of fungi?

A

Candida albicans.

18
Q

What kind of cell are protozoa?

A

Eukaryotes.

19
Q

How many cells are protozoa?

A

Unicellular

20
Q

Examples of protozoa?

A

Malaria and Leishmaniasis.

21
Q

How do protozoa replicate?

A

Binary fission or by forming trophozoites inside a cell.

22
Q

How do protozoa infect?

A

Ingestion or by a vector.

23
Q

How does malaria and leishmaniasis replicate?

A

Formation of trophozoites inside a cell

24
Q

What are helminths?

A

Multicellular eukaryotes.

25
Q

Examples of helminths?

A

Roundworms such as ascaris. Flatworms

26
Q

What can flukes (type of flatworm) cause?

A

Schistosomiasis.

27
Q

2 examples of HAI’s

A

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium Difficile.

28
Q

What infectious agents can increase risk of cancer?

A

Bacteria and viruses.

29
Q

Which organism has greatest point mutation rate?

A

Viruses.