Microbes in Oral Health & Disease Flashcards
what happens when the symbiotic relationship moves in the parasitic direction?
the infectious disease process begins
what happens when the symbiotic relationship moves in the mutualism direction?
reestablishment of a healthy host occurs
what are the pros of disease balance?
immune system, vaccines, antimicrobial agents
what are the cons of disease balance?
immuno-suppression, virulence factors, resistance
what is the consequence of wiping out commensals from the oral cavity?
it can give secondary thrush questions
why is there not a massive amount of inflammatory response in the mouth?
we have grown intolerant to the microorganisms
what does ubiquitous mean?
multiple environments
what does diverse mean?
variety of shapes, sizes or characteristics
what does adaptable mean?
can evolve quickly
what are the steps of the life cycle of a parasite?
enters/attaches to host - consolidation/multiplication in host - causes harm - release from host - dissemination and transmission
what is the function of the flagella?
motility
what is the function of the pili/fimbriae?
adhesion
what is the function of extrapolymeric material?
colonisation
what are the function of enzymes/toxins in microbes?
invasion
what causes spread?
immune evasion
what are the virulence factors?
motility, adhesion, colonisation, invasion and spread
what are the contributors to oral health?
integrity of oral mucosa, lymphoid tissue, saliva, gingival crevicular fluid and humoral and cellular immunity
what is plaque?
tightly compacted organisms
what do commensals produce?
lots of toxins, acid and sulphur compounds
what are the different bacterial species present in the oral cavity?
aerobes, facultative, obligate
what are the different bacteria associated with dental caries?
streptococcus mutans, lactobacillus species, actinomyces species
what happens if streptococcus mutans is fed sucrose?
it produces sticky things that helps it stick to the tooth and produces acid which dissolves the tooth
what are the 4 contributing factors to caries?
plaque microorganisms, sugar, time and teeth
what is periodontal disease
disorders of the supporting structures of the teeth - gingiva, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone
what is gingivitis?
inflammation of the gingiva
what is periodontitis?
inflammation of the periodontal ligament
what is marginal gingivitis?
gingivitis that is around the gingival margin
what is hyperplastic gingivitis?
gingivitis that persists for a long period and is characterised by the proliferation of fibrous connective tissue causing enlarged firm gums
how does hyperplastic gingivitis occur?
due to an overactive immune response to a pathogen
what is advanced periodontal disease?
detachment of the periodontal ligament, alveolar bone loss and eventual tooth loss
what are the signs of a purulent infection?
abscesses, pus forming, intra/extra oral swelling
how can periapical infections occur?
the infection enters the periapical area via a carious cavity or traumatised crown
what is extra-oral swelling due to?
infections with the lower central incisors
what is haematogenous spread?
dissemination of bacteria from the gingival margin to the cardiovascular system and prosthetic joints which may cause toxic shock
why are cancer patients more susceptible to yeast infections?
they are immunocompromised
what does it mean if something is hyperplastic?
it is pre-malignant
what is candidal leukoplakia?
adherent, often speckled, pre-malignant
who is more likely to get candidal leukoplakia?
usually smokers
why can candidal leukoplakia not be removed?
it grows into the cells so a biopsy needs to be taken instead
what bacteria causes angular chelitis?
staphylococcus aureus
what causes denture stomatitis?
build up of microbes if denture wearers do not take dentures out at night or clean them frequently
