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Microbiology BDS1 > Microbes in Oral Health & Disease > Flashcards

Microbes in Oral Health & Disease Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what happens when the symbiotic relationship moves in the parasitic direction?

A

the infectious disease process begins

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2
Q

what happens when the symbiotic relationship moves in the mutualism direction?

A

reestablishment of a healthy host occurs

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3
Q

what are the pros of disease balance?

A

immune system, vaccines, antimicrobial agents

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4
Q

what are the cons of disease balance?

A

immuno-suppression, virulence factors, resistance

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5
Q

what is the consequence of wiping out commensals from the oral cavity?

A

it can give secondary thrush questions

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6
Q

why is there not a massive amount of inflammatory response in the mouth?

A

we have grown intolerant to the microorganisms

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7
Q

what does ubiquitous mean?

A

multiple environments

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8
Q

what does diverse mean?

A

variety of shapes, sizes or characteristics

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9
Q

what does adaptable mean?

A

can evolve quickly

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10
Q

what are the steps of the life cycle of a parasite?

A

enters/attaches to host - consolidation/multiplication in host - causes harm - release from host - dissemination and transmission

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11
Q

what is the function of the flagella?

A

motility

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12
Q

what is the function of the pili/fimbriae?

A

adhesion

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13
Q

what is the function of extrapolymeric material?

A

colonisation

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14
Q

what are the function of enzymes/toxins in microbes?

A

invasion

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15
Q

what causes spread?

A

immune evasion

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16
Q

what are the virulence factors?

A

motility, adhesion, colonisation, invasion and spread

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17
Q

what are the contributors to oral health?

A

integrity of oral mucosa, lymphoid tissue, saliva, gingival crevicular fluid and humoral and cellular immunity

18
Q

what is plaque?

A

tightly compacted organisms

19
Q

what do commensals produce?

A

lots of toxins, acid and sulphur compounds

20
Q

what are the different bacterial species present in the oral cavity?

A

aerobes, facultative, obligate

21
Q

what are the different bacteria associated with dental caries?

A

streptococcus mutans, lactobacillus species, actinomyces species

22
Q

what happens if streptococcus mutans is fed sucrose?

A

it produces sticky things that helps it stick to the tooth and produces acid which dissolves the tooth

23
Q

what are the 4 contributing factors to caries?

A

plaque microorganisms, sugar, time and teeth

24
Q

what is periodontal disease

A

disorders of the supporting structures of the teeth - gingiva, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone

25
Q

what is gingivitis?

A

inflammation of the gingiva

26
Q

what is periodontitis?

A

inflammation of the periodontal ligament

27
Q

what is marginal gingivitis?

A

gingivitis that is around the gingival margin

28
Q

what is hyperplastic gingivitis?

A

gingivitis that persists for a long period and is characterised by the proliferation of fibrous connective tissue causing enlarged firm gums

29
Q

how does hyperplastic gingivitis occur?

A

due to an overactive immune response to a pathogen

30
Q

what is advanced periodontal disease?

A

detachment of the periodontal ligament, alveolar bone loss and eventual tooth loss

31
Q

what are the signs of a purulent infection?

A

abscesses, pus forming, intra/extra oral swelling

32
Q

how can periapical infections occur?

A

the infection enters the periapical area via a carious cavity or traumatised crown

33
Q

what is extra-oral swelling due to?

A

infections with the lower central incisors

34
Q

what is haematogenous spread?

A

dissemination of bacteria from the gingival margin to the cardiovascular system and prosthetic joints which may cause toxic shock

35
Q

why are cancer patients more susceptible to yeast infections?

A

they are immunocompromised

36
Q

what does it mean if something is hyperplastic?

A

it is pre-malignant

37
Q

what is candidal leukoplakia?

A

adherent, often speckled, pre-malignant

38
Q

who is more likely to get candidal leukoplakia?

A

usually smokers

39
Q

why can candidal leukoplakia not be removed?

A

it grows into the cells so a biopsy needs to be taken instead

40
Q

what bacteria causes angular chelitis?

A

staphylococcus aureus

41
Q

what causes denture stomatitis?

A

build up of microbes if denture wearers do not take dentures out at night or clean them frequently

Microbiology BDS1 (20 decks)

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