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Microbiology BDS1 > Introduction to Microbes > Flashcards

Introduction to Microbes Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Where does angular chelitis present?

A

at the angles of the mouth

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2
Q

What bacteria causes angular chelitis?

A

staphylococcus aureus

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3
Q

What is minimum inhibitory concentration?

A

lowest concentration of an anti-microbial that will inhibit visible growth of microorganism

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4
Q

What does a leukocidin do?

A

Kills white blood cells

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5
Q

What does capnophilic mean?

A

carbon dioxide

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6
Q

What does facultative mean?

A

with and without oxygen

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7
Q

what does aerobic mean?

A

oxygen

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8
Q

What does anaerobic mean?

A

without oxygen

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9
Q

What does microaerophilic mean?

A

small amounts of oxygen

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10
Q

What are the stages of bacterial growth?

A

Lag, log, stationary, death

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11
Q

What happens in the lag phase?

A

bacteria get used to surroundings

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12
Q

What happens in log phase?

A

replicate exponentially

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13
Q

What happens in stationary phase?

A

growth rate = death rate

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14
Q

What happens in death phase?

A

no growth mediums so cell death

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15
Q

What is the D-value?

A

The time taken to kill 90% of bacteria

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16
Q

What are the different shapes of bacteria?

A

Rod shaped = BACILLI round shaped = COCCI spiral shape

17
Q

What are the steps of gram staining?

A

primary stain, fixative (iodine), decoloriser (alcohol/acetone), counterstain

18
Q

What is the colour of gram+ bacteria after staining?

A

purple

19
Q

What is the colour of gram- bacteria after staining?

A

pink/red

20
Q

Why do gram+ cells stain violet?

A

due to the presence of a thick layer of peptidoglycan

21
Q

Why do gram- cells stain pink?

A

thinner peptidoglycan wall

22
Q

what makes up the cell wall of gram- cells?

A

lipopolysaccharide

23
Q

what is a lipopolysaccharide?

A

an endotoxin

24
Q

Where do endotoxins come from?

A

produced by gram- bacteria

25
Q

what is an example of an endotoxin?

A

prevotella intermedia

26
Q

where do exotoxins come from?

A

produced by gram+ or gram- bacteria

27
Q

What is an example of an exotoxin?

A

staphylococcus aureus

28
Q

Name 3 gram+ bacteria

A

staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus mutans, clostridium difficile

29
Q

Name 2 gram- bacteria

A

neisseria meningitidis, prevotella intermedia

30
Q

What does staphylococcus aureus cause?

A

surgical site infections

31
Q

What does streptococcus mutans cause?

A

dental caries

32
Q

What does clostridium difficile cause?

A

antibiotic associated diarrhoea

33
Q

what does neisseria meningitidis cause?

A

meningitis

34
Q

what does prevotella intermedia cause?

A

periodontal disease

35
Q

what shapes are gram+ bacteria?

A

bacilli (rod) and cocci (sphere shaped)

36
Q

What shapes are gram- bacteria?

A

cocci (sphere shaped)

Microbiology BDS1 (20 decks)

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