Introduction to Pathology Flashcards
what is pathology?
the study of the causes and effects of diseases
what does aetiology mean?
the cause, set of causes, or manner of causation of a disease or condition
what does pathogenesis mean?
progressive changes as disease develops
what does sequalae mean?
what happens next
how is anaemia related to the oral cavity?
burning red tongue, inflammation of gum tissues
how is diabetes related to the oral cavity?
dry mouth, bad breath, burning tongue, inflammation and tooth decay
how is anorexia nervosa and bulimia related to the oral cavity?
erosion of tooth enamel, fillings raised above eroded surface, sensitive teeth, enlargement of the parotid glands and sweet breath aroma
how is kidney failure related to the oral cavity?
retarded tooth development in children, dry mouth, odour, metallic taste and ulcers on the tongue and gums
how is HIV related to the oral cavity?
sores, thrush, non-removable white areas on the side of the tongue
how is heart disease related to the oral cavity?
pain radiating to the jaw caused by insufficient oxygen to the heart muscle
what does the lymphatic system do?
transport clean fluids back to the blood, drains excess fluids from tissues, removes debris from cells of body transports fats from digestive system
what is the difference between innate and adaptive immunity?
innate immunity is the first line of defence whilst adaptive immunity is specific and acquired
what are the three main parts of innate immunity?
epithelium, innate cell subsets and complement, chemokines and cytokines
what does epithelium do in innate immunity?
it is a physical barrier, produces antimicrobial peptides and cytokines/chemokines
what are the innate cell subsets in innate immunity?
phagocytic cells (macrophages, neutrophils) and antigen-presenting cells (dendritic cells)
