Michael Verde L1

Question 1

Behaviourism mind and behaviour model

Answer 1

Input - blackbox - output

Question 2

Cognitive psychology mind and behaviour model

Answer 2

Multi-store model - Atkinson and Shiffrin

Question 3

Multi-store model 3 memories:

Answer 3

Sensory, short term, long term

Question 4

What is memory about?

Answer 4

The past and the perception and experience of the present

Question 5

How to test Sensory Memory?

Answer 5

whole report procedure (3x3 letters)

Question 6

Sperling 1960 3x3

Answer 6

Whole report = 33% of 9
Partial report 75% of 3

Question 7

Sensory memory capacity and duration?

Answer 7

Very large and less than 1 second

Question 8

Short-term memory

Answer 8

Miller 1956 - 7 items
used for mental math, conversations and names

Question 9

Memory span test

Answer 9

Used to measure ST memory by being presented with growing lines of numbers

Question 10

7 “things”

Answer 10

Miller 1956, a thing is a chunk which may be a set of recognisable numbers

Question 11

Syllables per digit vs STM

Answer 11

Naveh-Benjamin and Ayres, 1986 - when digits have more syllables, fewer can be held in STM and pronunciation rate is lower

Question 12

Retention interval test

Answer 12

Peterson and Peterson (1959), presented letters and then distracted before recall - STM < 30 seconds

Question 13

Why are memories forgotten in STM?

Answer 13

Decay over time and interference (replacement of memories)

Question 14

Proactive interference

Answer 14

A replacement by earlier memories

Question 15

Retroactive interference

Answer 15

A replacement by later memories

Question 16

Example of proactive interference

Answer 16

Wickens et al. 1976 -> Semantic category of fruit and increasingly worse memory - but released when changing semantic category

Question 17

Why use the term working memory instead of short-term memory

Answer 17

Because it suggests it is an active process

Question 18

Badeley’s model of working memory

Answer 18

central executive (consciousness) -> visuospatial sketchpad/episodic buffer/phonological loop -> long term memory

Question 19

Visuospatial sketchpad

Answer 19

store visual and spacial information

Question 20

phonological loop

Answer 20

stores auditory info

Question 21

central executive

Answer 21

integrates information from other components in episodic buffer

Question 22

Evidence for phonological loop

Answer 22

acoustic confusion - accuracy of remembering acoustically similar items is worse

Question 23

Evidence for visuospatial sketchpad

Answer 23

phonological loop content does not interfere with visuospatial memory

Question 24

How to better memorise images?

Answer 24

Articulatory suppression

Question 25

What acts as evidence for distinct types of memory?

Answer 25

Differences in duration and capacity