Michael Verde L1 Flashcards
Behaviourism mind and behaviour model
Input - blackbox - output
Cognitive psychology mind and behaviour model
Multi-store model - Atkinson and Shiffrin
Multi-store model 3 memories:
Sensory, short term, long term
What is memory about?
The past and the perception and experience of the present
How to test Sensory Memory?
whole report procedure (3x3 letters)
Sperling 1960 3x3
Whole report = 33% of 9
Partial report 75% of 3
Sensory memory capacity and duration?
Very large and less than 1 second
Short-term memory
Miller 1956 - 7 items
used for mental math, conversations and names
Memory span test
Used to measure ST memory by being presented with growing lines of numbers
7 “things”
Miller 1956, a thing is a chunk which may be a set of recognisable numbers
Syllables per digit vs STM
Naveh-Benjamin and Ayres, 1986 - when digits have more syllables, fewer can be held in STM and pronunciation rate is lower
Retention interval test
Peterson and Peterson (1959), presented letters and then distracted before recall - STM < 30 seconds
Why are memories forgotten in STM?
Decay over time and interference (replacement of memories)
Proactive interference
A replacement by earlier memories
Retroactive interference
A replacement by later memories
Example of proactive interference
Wickens et al. 1976 -> Semantic category of fruit and increasingly worse memory - but released when changing semantic category
Why use the term working memory instead of short-term memory
Because it suggests it is an active process
Badeley’s model of working memory
central executive (consciousness) -> visuospatial sketchpad/episodic buffer/phonological loop -> long term memory
Visuospatial sketchpad
store visual and spacial information
phonological loop
stores auditory info
central executive
integrates information from other components in episodic buffer
Evidence for phonological loop
acoustic confusion - accuracy of remembering acoustically similar items is worse
Evidence for visuospatial sketchpad
phonological loop content does not interfere with visuospatial memory
How to better memorise images?
Articulatory suppression
What acts as evidence for distinct types of memory?
Differences in duration and capacity
