metabolism Flashcards
define metabolism
conversion of nutrients into simple compounds to realise energy to drive cellular processes or as precursors to build cells and tissues
what is catabolic metabolism
breakdown or oxidation of products which releases energy
what is anabolic metabolism
production or synthesis of products which requires energy and precursors
how is energy for cellular processes stored
in ATP bonds
how is ATP broken down
hydrolysis by water
what enzyme catalyses the breakdown of ATP
ATPase
how is metabolic energy generated
oxidation of nutrients / combustion
what are the 3 main energy systems
glycolysis
TCA/Krebs cycle
electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation
what are the three main nutrients used for energy
protein
CHO
fat
three sources of acetyl-coA
AA from deanimation
fatty acids following B-oxidation
monosaccharides from glycolysis
what is the role of NAD+ and FAD
oxidise intermediates of TCA cycle and feed electrons into electron transport chain
describe the mechanism of the electron transport chain
redox cycles
electrons are transferred from high electrochemical potentials to low electrochemical potentials
a complex is oxidised by the complex with the next lowest potential and is reduced by the complex with the next highest potential.
describe the mechanism of oxidative phosphorylation
energy from electron transport chain used to produce ATP
NADH/FADH2 releases enough energy for 3ATP
