cho and energy Flashcards
cho degradation and oxidation regenerated what?
ATP
what is the basic chemical formula for CHO
(CH2O)n
two main cho sources are
plants and animals (liver/muscle/milk/nucleic acids)
where is cho digested
firstly broken down by amylase in saliva and then small intestine by pancreatic amylase
what happens to cho that isn’t absorbed in the small intestine
reaches the bowel where it ferments producing gas
name the three monosaccharides
glucose, fructose and galactose
name the three disaccharides
maltose (glucose + glucose)
sucrose (glucose + fructose)
lactose (glucose + galactose)
name a polysaccharide
starch
describe the structure of a monosaccharide
simple sugar
made from aldehyde or keytone derivatives of straight chain polyhydroxyl alcohols
how are monosaccharides characterised
chain length and by aldehyde/keytone
how are monosaccharides bonded
with glycosidic bonds
glycosidases are enzymes that cleave which type of bonds
glycosidic bonds
why are glycosidases important for digestion/absorption
break down poly/disaccharides into mono
only monosaccharides are absorbed
what is the only naturally occuring monosaccharide
glucose
where are sugars absorbed and oxidised
muscle
what is the glycaemic index (GI)
ability of a carbohydrate to increase blood glucose level compared to the same amount of glucose
what are the effects of a diet with low GI?
lower blood lipids improve blood glucose control in diabetic subjects
enhance satiety
increase athletic endurance
what are the effects of a diet with high or moderate GI
can promote faster glycogen synthesis - enhanced recovery after training and between heats
