cho and exercise Flashcards

1
Q

where is cho stored in the body?

A

muscles and liver

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2
Q

where is cho consumed by the body

A

muscles

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3
Q

what does liver use stored cho for

A

adjust blood glucose levels

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4
Q

what does adipose tissue do with glucose

A

degrades it to acetyl coA and uses it to synthesis fatty acids

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5
Q

what fuels does the brain use

A

glucose and ketone bodies

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6
Q

when is cho stored in liver degraded

A

during fasting periods to maintain blood glucose levels

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7
Q

how long do liver glycogen stores last

A

24hours

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8
Q

how is blood glucose regulated

A

insulin released by beta cells of pancreas to increase uptake of glucose from the blood
glucagon released by alpha cells of pancreas to increase conversion of glycogen to glucose to be released into the blood

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9
Q

what happens when glycogen stores run out

A

glucose is synthesised from gluconeogensis - metabolic process where glucose is generated from a non-carbohydrate carbon like lactate, glycerol or glucogenic amino acids

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10
Q

how does the body attempt to store glycogen

A

utilising other fuels like fatty acids or ketone bodies

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11
Q

how much glycogen is stored in the liver

A

80-100g

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12
Q

how much glycogen is stored in the muscles

A

300-500g

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13
Q

can muscle glycogen enter the circulation

A

no

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14
Q

what products of active muscles can be released into the circulation

A

lactate and pyruvate

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15
Q

describe the Cori Cycle

A

glycogen from the liver is converted into glucose which travels in the circulation to the muscles. muscles convert the glucose to pyruvate whilst producing energy. the pyruvate is converted into lactate which travels to the liver via the circulation and is converted back into pyruvate which is converted back into glucose. the conversion from pyruvate to glucose requires energy.

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16
Q

conversion of lactate to pyruvate to glucose in the liver is called

A

gluconeogensis

17
Q

conversion of glucose to pyruvate to lactate is called

A

glycolysis

18
Q

what factors affect the regulation of blood glucose

A
only controlled by glucose from the liver - not muscles 
hormones - insulin/glucagon/adrenaline 
blood glucose level 
physical activity 
SNS
19
Q

describe cho use during anaerobic exercise

A

cho quickly used up, limited efficiency, leads to accumulation of pyruvate and lactate

20
Q

describe cho use during aerobic exercise

A

cho used slower but higher efficiency and higher dependency on O2