ergogenic aids Flashcards
what can be used to enhance performance
diet training stress reduction hypnosis drugs hormones physiological agents
what are some nutritional ergogenic aids
functional foods
supplements
drugs
why is creatine used as a sports supplement
creatine kinase reaction which synthesises ATP CP + ADP = ATP + C increased creatine phosphate leads to - decreased reliance on glycolysis decreased lactic acid increased ATP turnover increased rate of ATP and CP synthesis
how does lactic acid production affect muscle pH and fatigue
high levels of lactic acid cause pH to fall
calcium binding if affected
some enzymes are inhibited and some free nerve endings are stimulated
how can bicarbonate supplementation affect the effects of lactic acid accumulation
ingestion of bicarbonate results in an augmentation of the bicarbonate pool in the blood and creates a more alkaline cellular environment
if pH is slightly increased in the cell due to the increase of bicarbonate the cells will be less affected by the decrease in pH due to lactate accumulation
what are the potential ergogenic effects of branched chain AA (BCAA)
might affect perception of fatigue, evidence unconvincing
potential dangers of over training/injury?
what is the proposed effect of HMB
metabolite of leucine, increased muscle protein synthesis
promotion of muscle gain
why is glutamine supplemented to athletes
AA that is essential for several function of white blood cells such as cell division, antibody production and phagocytosis
athelets in hard training have weakened immune systems
supplementation may boost immune system and reduce infection risk which my impede performance
why is nitrate supplemented to athletes?
nitrate, found in beetroot and spinach influences NO levels and hence dilation of vessels and increased blood flow
