free radicals

Question 1

what is a free radicals

Answer 1

any species with 1 or more unpaired electrons

Question 2

reduction of O2 produces

Answer 2

ATP and free radicals

Question 3

what percentage of reduced O2 leaks from mitochondria during electron transport chain

Answer 3

1-3%

Question 4

what does an oxisiding agent do

Answer 4

takes electrons, takes H or gives O

Question 5

name some exogenous sources of free radicals

Answer 5

ozone, cigarette smoke, pollutants, drug administration and diet

Question 6

free radicals are linked to which diseases

Answer 6

cancers, cvd, diabetes, obstetric disorders, CNS disorders, toxic liver disease, pancreatitis, IBD

Question 7

what is an antioxidant

Answer 7

any substance that when present at low concentrations to that of an oxidant substance, significantly delays or prevents oxidation of that substrate

Question 8

what are the requirements for an antioxidant

Answer 8

absorbed into the small intestine
transported to action site
low toxicity

Question 9

examples of antioxidants

Answer 9

vitamin \E/C

Question 10

what is oxidative stress

Answer 10

imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants

either high free radicals or low antioxidants

Question 11

how does exercise effect free radical production

Answer 11

increased free radical production

Question 12

describe relationship between free radicals and exercise

Answer 12

exercise increases free radical production which may lead to tissue damage/ increase risk of some diseases
but overall exercise reduces disease morbidity
some data suggests that post endurance and resistance exercise protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation and dna damage increased but exercise increases antioxidant enzyme activity