metabolic disease Flashcards
in summary, what is metabolic disease
metabolic syndrome is a cluster of risk factors that culminate in increased risk of diabetes mellitus
what does pre diabetes mean
specific symptoms at a lower level such as blood sugar
the presence of which factors are looked for in diabetes diagnosis
the presence of any one of:
diabetes mellitus
impaired glucose tolerance
elevated fasting glucose
insulin
and two of
high blood pressure over 140/90
dyslipidemia, over 1.695
reduced hdl <0.9 and 1.0
abdominal obesity
albumin in piss
what percentage of the adult population has metabolic syndrome
25%
is metabolic disease genetic or environmental
combination
what are the risks related to metabolic disease at what rates
5x risk of type two diabetes
2-4x increase of stroke
3-4x risk of myocardial infarction
what single factor characterises metabolic disease
hyperglycaemia
fasting glusocse > 7mmol/l
plasma glucose 2 hrs after 75g > 11.1 mmol/l
what effect does glucagon have on blood sugar
stimulates breakdown of glycogen into glucose
what effect does insulin have on blood sugar
stimulates uptake of glucose into tissue and formation of glycogen
what functions do adipose tissue perform
storage of energy
releasing of adipokines
where is insulin excreted from
pancreatic beta cells
how does insulin influence glucose uptake
moves glute 4 to surface for passive diffusion
what directly does insulin activate
insulin receptor tyrosine kinase
what does irtk act on
pi3k to move glut4 to surface
where are the most insulin receptors present
liver muscle and adipose tissue
