cancer 4 and 5 Flashcards
what are the main methods of cancer therapy
surgery
radio or chemotherapy
targeted therapy
what is targeted therapy and some examples of successful ones
drugs which block specific proteins known to be causing cancer
tamoxifen, for breast cancer, its a serm
vemurafenib for braf melanoma
trastuzumab for her2 positive breast cancer
what types of cancer is surgery ineffective on
rapidly spreading or diffuse cancers such as melanoma
what are two methods for immune therapy for cancer
removing cytotoxic t lymphocytes and modifying them to recognise cancer
using drugs to block cell cell interaction between cancer and immune cells that allows the immune cells to target cancer
what is chronic myeloid leukaemia and what do almost all cases have in common
cancer of the white blood cells, a compound chromosome called Philadephia chromosome
which translocations contribute to cml
translocation of chr 22 to chr 9 as they sit next to each other in the chromosome
what does the Philadelphia chromosome produce
a new fusion protein and a gene called brc abl
what is targeted in chronic myloid leukaemia and what is the drug called
imatinib and the abl tyrosine kinase is disabled
what are the two cml cancer drugs
imatinib and nilotinib
why is imatinib not used as much for cml and what is it used for
its not a perfectly selective inhibitor and can inhibit normal able and pdgf and kit r
is used in gastrointestinal tumours which use kitr
and pdgf driven melanoma
what is alk inhibitors used for in cancer treatment
used to inhibit alk positive lung cancers
what is the 5 year survival rates for breast and lung cancer
breast: 87
lung 10
what are the inherited genetic breast cancer risk factors
5-10 % are through inherited genes such as:
brca1 and brca2 dna repair
tp53
pten: regulates cell growth
what are the breast cancer risk factors
genetics, age, gender, family history
what are the classifications of breast cancers
hormone recepter positive(ER+ and PR+)
her2 positive
triple negative
