cardiovascular 2: atherosclerosis Flashcards
what is atherosclerosis
a chronic inflammatory disease caused by lipids on arterial wall
what are plaques and what do they cause
fatty clumps in arteries
blockage of blood flow
heart attach or stroke
what is hyperlipidemia
high levels of circulating lipids and ldl
what are the causes of hyperlipidemia
possibly due to response to endothelial injury
or oxidation
or retention
diet lifestyle and genetic predisposition
where do lesions and plaques commonly form
bifurcations, branching and curves
what is the reasoning behind injury hypothesis for plaque deposit
more turbulent flow at junctions causes low shear stress
what are the three main pathways of LDL transport into the blood vessels and the wall
transcytosis
paracellular
leaky junctions(me fr)
in the retention theory, how do ldls get into the membrane, and what do they bind to
though leaky gaps between cells
binding to proteoglycans in the arterial wall by b100
what is the oxidation hypothesis
oxidised ldl is pathogenic and is formed in the arterial wall, triggers inflammatory response
what causes foam cells
macrophages becoming laden with pathogenic ldl and compressing artery, when these cells die, it becomes an issue
what happens during plaque rupture
when the blood comes into contact with the plaque, platelets form around the area causing a blockage
what is the name given to the chemokine used to attract monocytes
monocyte chemotactic protien
mcp1
what are the stages of plaque formnation in the oxidation hypothesis
progession
transition
rupture
