cancer 3

Question 1

what are the aquired capabilities that underpin cancer growth

Answer 1

self-sufficiency in growth signals
insensitivity to inhibition signals
evasion of apoptosis
immortality
sustained angiogenesis
tissue invasion and metastasis
deregulated cell energetics
avoids immune destruction
genome instability
tumour promoting inflammation

Question 2

what factors can oncogenes also affect or suppress

Answer 2

many oncogenes also repress dna repair
and the e cadherin production that creates cell to cell adhesion

Question 3

what type of energy production do cancers primarily use

Answer 3

while somatic cells use aerobic respiration, cancer cells mainly use glycolysis
while this produces less energy, it makes metabolites that can be used to make cellular macromolecules

Question 4

why do cancers metastasise

Answer 4

some cancers metastaise due to a loss of function of e caherin

Question 5

what proximity do all cells have to a capilliary

Answer 5

100 micrometers

Question 6

how do tumour cells maintain blood supply

Answer 6

by expressing pro angiogenic factors like vascular endothelial growth structure

Question 7

what is contact proliferation

Answer 7

where cells instructed to replicate by growth factors will cease when surrounded by neighbouring cells

Question 8

what is the number of replications of normal cells before senescence

Answer 8

40-60 and is counted by telomeres

Question 9

how do cancer cells prevent senescence

Answer 9

by synthesising dna telomerase which makes new telomeres