MEMORY EVALUATION Flashcards
weakness of coding capacity duration studies
lacked standardisation and scientific methods due to time
reduces validity
weakness 2 of coding capacity duration studies
studies fail to reflect real life eg: miller and peterson as they use artificial stimuli which have little meaning.
limits generalisability to real life, ecological validity
strength of coding capacity duration studies
bahrick used meaningful stimuli eg: real names that would be stored in LTM
high external validity, findings reflect real estimate
strength of coding capacity duration studies
bahrick used meaningful stimuli eg: real names that would be stored in LTM
high external validity, findings reflect real estimate
weakness 3 of coding capacity duration studies
recent reserach suggets miller over- estimated, more likely 4 items
may reflect outdated methodologies
strength of MSM
when presented w list of words
we remember first few ( primacy) and last ( recency )
supports existence of LT and STM
strength of MSM ( HM )
HM underwent brain surgery to relieve epilepsy
The removal of some of his brain led to inability to form new LTM, STM fine
SUPPORTS EXISTENCE
weakness of MSM ( KF)
KF was found that his STM for digits was poor when read to him, however when he read, it was gd
MODEL OVERSIMPLIFIED
suggest stm and ltm work in one single way??
weakness MSM
rehearsal isnt essential for info to enter LTM, we are able to recall info we dont rehearse eg: swim
MODEL OVERSIMPLIFIED
role of rehearsal is less important than suggests
strength of types of LTM
Clive Wearing episodic impaired due to brain damage, semantic and procedural fine.
Could play piano, didnt recall events
SUPPORTS TULVING THEORY
strength 2 of types of LTM
understanding LTM can help people, interventions have been developed to improve episodic.
ENABLES SPECIFIC TREATMENTS TO BE DEVELOPED
weakness of LTM types
Brain scans show episodic and semantic both recalled from different sides of prefrontal cortex, research is mixed.
POOR AGREEMENT ON LTM LOCATION
weakness 2 types of LTM
studying brain injured can improve understanding but they lack control, difficult to judge
LACK OF CONTROL LIMITS WHAT CLINICAL STUDIES CAN TELL US
strength of WMM
baddley and hitch found pps slower at true and false when using CE and AL compared to another, only using AL
SUPPORTS SLAVE SYSTEMS
strength WMM ( KF )
poor stm for auditory, processed visual fine
SUPPORTS EXISTENCE
weakness of WMM ( KF)
unclear whether he had other impairments that may have impacted his memory
CHALLENGES EVIDENCE FROM CLINICAL STUDIES AS THE OTHER IMPAIRMENTS MAY HAVE DAMAGED DIFFERENT SYSTEMS
weakness of WMM
criticised for being too simplistic and vague eg: where CE is
QUESTIONS VALIDITY, should detail model
strength of retrieval failure
real world application
can explain everyday forgetting
SHOWS STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE RECALL
strength 2 retrieval failure
lots of research support
eysenck argues may be main reason for forgetting from LTM
EVIDENCE AND CAN EXPLAIN FORGETTING IN LTM, external val
weakness retrieval
baddley argues contexts arent as different as in research to trigger retrieval failure
LACK OF CONTEXTUAL CUES MAY NOT EXPLAIN
weakness 2 retrieval
baddeley replicated underwater study but used recognition, no context dependant effect
RETRIEVAL FAILURE LIMITED EXPLANATION OF FORGETTING
MAY ONLY APPLY TO RECALL
strength of misleading info
distorting effect of memory has shown importance of police officers phrasing q’s
IMPROVE LEGAL SYSTEMS
weakness of misleading info
loftus and palmer lab
different to real life witness
pps may have been less motivated
RESEARCHERS TOO PESSIMISTIC ABOUT EFFECTS OF MISLEADING INFO
weakness 2 misleading info
yuille and cutshall found witness of real robbery had accurate recall 4 months after
USING ARTIFICIAL TASKS TELL US LITTLE AB LEADING QUESTIONS EFFECTING EWT IN REAL LIFE
weakness of anxiety recall
pps may focus on weapon as they are suprised
a study used handgun, wallet, raw chicken, performance worse for unusual items
WEAPON FE MAY BE DUE TO UNUSUALNESS
weakness 2 anxiety recall
things happen to EW in meantime of interview and occuring
EXTRANEOUS VARIABLES MAY EFFECT
weakness 3 anxiety recall
creating anxiety is unethical as it may cause LT harm, pps of real life is beneficial
ETHICAL ISSUES DONT BENEFIT FINDINGS
SHOULD WE CONDUCT?
weakness 4 of anxiety recall
anxiety difficult to measure and define as it has elements eg: physical, emotional.
Inverted U suggests arousal alone impacts
FAILS TO ACCOUNT EXTERNAL
strength cognitive interview
research has found elements of CI is valuable and produce better recall.
CI EFFECTIVE IN IMPROVING ACCURACY
strength cognitive interview
meta analysis combined data from 50 studies
CI provided more correct information than standard
BENEFITS
weakness cognitive interview
police reluctant as its time consuming and requires training
UNLIKELY USED
weakness cognitive interview
studies on CI use diff techniques
eg: the CI vs enhanced vs police evolving
DIFFICULT TO DRAW CONCLUSIONS AS THERE IS RANGE IN DELIVERY TECHNIQUES
