KEY STUDIES- SOCIAL INF

Question 1

jenness jelly bean procedure

Answer 1

1. initially estimated no. of jellybeans
2. discussed
3. did number change due to informational social influence

Question 2

difference between ambiguous and unambiguous

Answer 2

ambiguous is where answer is NOT clear, unambiguous is where the answer is clear.
jenness- ambiguous
asch- unambiguous

Question 3

ASCHS study aim

Answer 3

to investigate how conformity was affected in unambiguous situations

Question 4

ASCH procedure

Answer 4

123 male students in groups of 6-8 confederates
asch showed line X and asked pps which out of 3 lines matched X
confederates purposely said wrong to enhance conformity

Question 5

ASCH results

Answer 5

conformed 32% of the time
when only two confederates, pps conformed on 12.8% of TRIALS

Question 6

ASCH conclusion

Answer 6

people conform in unambiguous situations due to normative social influence

Question 7

ASCH variation: group size

Answer 7

increasing group size , increased conformity

Question 8

ASCH variation: unanimity

Answer 8

one confederate disagreed, decreased conformity

Question 9

ASCH variation: task difficulty

Answer 9

as difficulty increased, conformity increased as pps looked for more guidance

Question 10

ZIMBARDO aim

Answer 10

to examine whether people conformed to social roles when having less and more power

Question 11

ZIMBARDO procedure

Answer 11

stanford prison
advert in newspaper, paid ( volunteer sample )
interview for mental wellbeing
randomly assign 12 in each
middle class white men
prisoners homes raided and arrested
placed in prison and left to conform

Question 12

ZIMBARDO: findings

Answer 12

study carried out for 6 days instead of 14
escalated way too quickly
inhuman sides became clear
2nd day prisoners revolted

Question 13

ZIMBARDO conclusions

Answer 13

guards: institutional power was absorbed and increased sadistic personality
prisoners:
obeyed almost immediately

Question 14

MILGRAM: aim

Answer 14

will people obey, even if it means hurting others

Question 15

MILGRAM procedure

Answer 15

• 40 males , yale university
• confederates acted as learners being ‘shocked’
• experimenter encouraged to keep going

Question 16

MILGRAMS findings

Answer 16

Americans obeyed too
100% went to 300V
65% went to 450V
many people had shakes, even seizures

Question 17

ZIMBARDO conclusions

Answer 17

people obey either out of fear or a desire to appear cooperative

Question 18

Adorno aim

Answer 18

is there a link between high facism and authoritarian personality

Question 19

adorno procedure

Answer 19

2000 white male americans
studied unconscious attitudes by using F scale, a questionnaire that measured how much the individual agreed with a statement

Question 20

adorno findings

Answer 20

• high on F scale identified with strong people who disliked the weak
  conscious of social status and obedient

Question 21

adorno conclusion

Answer 21

individuals with authoritarian personality were more obedient to authority and showed extreme respect

Question 22

name 3 of aschs variations

Answer 22

group size, task difficulty, unanimity

Question 23

MOSCOVICI AIM

Answer 23

will a consistent minority could influence a majority to give an incorrect answer, in a colour perception task.

Question 24

MOSCOVICI PROCEDURE

Answer 24

172 female participants were shown 36 slides, which were all varying shades of blue.
c1 all green
c2 24 green 12 blue

Question 25

MOSCOVICI FINDINGS

Answer 25

Moscovici found that in the consistent condition, the real participants agreed on 8.2% of the trials, whereas in the inconsistent condition, the real participants only agreed on 1.25%