ATTACHMENT EVALUATIONS Flashcards
CAREGIVER- INFANT
strength 1
tronick provided evidence of the ‘still face experiment’
that babies get distressed when mothers did not respond to reciprocity
therefore, infants have active involvement with reciprocity
CAREGIVER INFANT
strength 2
usually conducted in lab
conditions are controlled
high reliability and validity
recordings established for inter rater reliability
CAREGIVER INFANT
weakness
difficult to interpret babies as they lack co ordination.
cannot determine if behaviour is in response to caregiver
are interactions special
CAREGIVER INFANT
weakness 2
feldman suggests were giving names to pattern observable behaviour.
may not be useful in development
cannot be certain interational synchrony and reciprocity for a childs development
ROLE OF THE FATHER
strength
research can be used to give advice to parents
reducing parental anxiety+ justification for paternity leave
real life application and can enhance life
ROLE OF THE FATHER
weakness
confusion over what researchers are researching into role of the father. some are SCG and some PCG
makes role of the father difficult as it doesnt specify
ROLE OF THE FATHER
weakness 2
research shown babies of single mothers, two mothers have not developed any different to hetrosexual
conflicting evidents
psychologists cannot give definite answer of role of the father
STAGES OF ATTACHMENT
strength
empirical evidence to support
increases validity
STAGES OF ATTACHMENT
strength
naturalistic observation
mothers observed day to day
high external validity
STAGES OF ATTACHMENT
weakness
only conducted in working class
lacks population validity, theory may not be applicable
STAGES OF ATTACHMENT
weakness
prone to social desirability
mothers may lie to seem better
may affect results as they are measured through questionnaires
ANIMAL STUDY- LORENZ
strength
REGOLIN AND VALLORTIGARA
exposed chicks to moving shapes, they imprinted
supports view
ANIMAL STUDY- LORENZ
weakness
humans are more complex and attachment system is different to birds.
therefore, may not be generalisable to humans even though research suggests attachment is innate
ANIMAL STUDIES- HARLOW
strength
harlows research helped social workers understand risk factors in child abuse.
understand importance of attachment forming in zoos
therefore, benefitted humans and animals
ANIMAL STUDIES- HARLOW
weakness 1
monkeys are similiar to humans and may share attachment systems
human mind more complex
may not be generalisable
ANIMAL STUDIES- HARLOW
weakness 2
harlows caused long term, severe affects for monkeys eg: poor socialisation
ethical issues
shouldnt have been carried out?
EXPLANATION OF ATT. THE LEARNING THEORY
strength 1
unlikely that food is primary drive for attachment.
however conditioning could play a big role eg: warmth for
STRENGTHENING attachment
EXPLANATION OF ATT. THE LEARNING THEORY
strength 2
researchers have suggested parents teach love by them modelling.
learning theory provides explanations that babies take in developing att eg: reciprocity
EXPLANATION OF ATT. THE LEARNING THEORY
weakness 1
lorenz- 1st moving
harlow- comfort
research provide evidence that attachments didnt form due to food, there are other factors that play a large part
EXPLANATION OF ATT. THE LEARNING THEORY
weakness 2
bowlbys theory explains how and why att form
TLT only says how
TLT is over simplistic and only considers limited factors
EXPLANATION OF ATT. BOWLBY
strength 1
research shows babies are distressed when parent doesnt respond to SO
supports SO are important
EXPLANATION OF ATT. BOWLBY
strength 2 ( internal working )
in a study w/ 99 mothers
those with poor att to their parents were more likely to have 1 year olds that attached poorly
supports IWM as its passed through model
EXPLANATION OF ATT. BOWLBY
weakness 1 ( relationships )
the relationship between the primary att figure may be stronger but not diff in quality.
- bowlby may have been wrong to suggest unique
- reduces validity
EXPLANATION OF ATT. BOWLBY
weakness ( genetics )
other factors eg: genetically influenced personality is more important than parenting style in IWM
- overemphasised importance in IWM about later relationships
- contradicts
AINSWORTH’S STRANGE SITUATION
strength 1 ( predicts )
attachment type predicts later development.
eg: secure should be great at school
IA worse outcomes like MH issues
evidence for validity
explains future outcomes
AINSWORTH’S STRANGE SITUATION
strength 2 ( inter rater )
diff observations watching same babies agreed by 94%
att identified more accurate and doesnt depend on observer
AINSWORTH’S STRANGE SITUATION
weakness 1 ( countries )
SS may not have same meaning in other countries
eg: japan babies dont seperate
difficult to know what SS measures across cultures
AINSWORTH’S STRANGE SITUATION
weakness 2 ( main and solomon)
main and soloman created type d- disorganised.
mix of I.R and I.A and generally experience neglect
oversimplistic
only for babies with normal upbringings
CULTURAL VARIATIONS
strength ( validity in countries)
van ljzeendorn and kroonenberg used studies conducted in countries that were researched by people from those countries
- inc validity
- no cultural bias
- pps understood instructions
CULTURAL VARIATIONS
weakness 1 ( charactertistics)
pps who take part in research abroard may have characteristics that may have not been considered
- meta analysed may have dec validity due to confounding variables
CULTURAL VARIATIONS
weakness 2
research may have imposed etic
( own views on another country)
germany may see I.A as good
different child rearing styles in diff cultures, behaviours in SS may have different meanings
BOWLBYS MATERNAL DEPRIVATION
strength
Gao partially supported, showing poor quality maternal care is linked with high rates of psychopath in adults
BOWLBYS MATERNAL DEPRIVATION
weakness 1 ( bias )
bowlby carried out interviews
determined who was AP
researcher bias
interpreted results
decreased validity
BOWLBYS MATERNAL DEPRIVATION
weakness 2 ( rutter )
81% stated severe long term damages as MD was privation
bowlby overestimated seriousness in effects of MD
BOWLBYS MATERNAL DEPRIVATION
weakness 3 ( koluchova )
czech twins adopted in teens were recovered from the abuse
contradicts
INSTITUTIONALISATION
strength 1 ( social help )
the application has helped instituions put things in place eg: assigned 1/2 caregivers
INSTITUTIONALISATION
strength 2 ( confoundings )
Romanian orphan studies have less confounding.
many experience the same early experiences
increased validity
INSTITUTIONALISATION
weakness
most data from ERA only studied children as old as 20.
no adult data so cannot answer long term answers
lack of adult data means it will be a long time before we know long term affects
early attachment on later
strength
fearon and roisman 2017
found early attachment constantly predicted later to their children
inc validity
research evidence
early attachment on later
weakness 1 ( longitudinal )
studies into early att arent longitudinal
pps may not remember or lie
decreased validity
early attachment on later
weakness 2 ( confounding )
early attachments and later may be affected by confoundings
cannot establish cause and affect
reduced validity
