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a level pyschology > ATTACHMENT EVALUATIONS > Flashcards

ATTACHMENT EVALUATIONS Flashcards

1
Q

CAREGIVER- INFANT
strength 1

A

tronick provided evidence of the ‘still face experiment’
that babies get distressed when mothers did not respond to reciprocity
therefore, infants have active involvement with reciprocity

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2
Q

CAREGIVER INFANT
strength 2

A

usually conducted in lab
conditions are controlled
high reliability and validity
recordings established for inter rater reliability

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3
Q

CAREGIVER INFANT
weakness

A

difficult to interpret babies as they lack co ordination.
cannot determine if behaviour is in response to caregiver
are interactions special

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4
Q

CAREGIVER INFANT
weakness 2

A

feldman suggests were giving names to pattern observable behaviour.
may not be useful in development
cannot be certain interational synchrony and reciprocity for a childs development

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5
Q

ROLE OF THE FATHER
strength

A

research can be used to give advice to parents
reducing parental anxiety+ justification for paternity leave
real life application and can enhance life

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6
Q

ROLE OF THE FATHER
weakness

A

confusion over what researchers are researching into role of the father. some are SCG and some PCG
makes role of the father difficult as it doesnt specify

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7
Q

ROLE OF THE FATHER
weakness 2

A

research shown babies of single mothers, two mothers have not developed any different to hetrosexual
conflicting evidents
psychologists cannot give definite answer of role of the father

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8
Q

STAGES OF ATTACHMENT
strength

A

empirical evidence to support
increases validity

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9
Q

STAGES OF ATTACHMENT
strength

A

naturalistic observation
mothers observed day to day
high external validity

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10
Q

STAGES OF ATTACHMENT
weakness

A

only conducted in working class
lacks population validity, theory may not be applicable

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11
Q

STAGES OF ATTACHMENT
weakness

A

prone to social desirability
mothers may lie to seem better
may affect results as they are measured through questionnaires

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12
Q

ANIMAL STUDY- LORENZ
strength

A

REGOLIN AND VALLORTIGARA
exposed chicks to moving shapes, they imprinted
supports view

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13
Q

ANIMAL STUDY- LORENZ
weakness

A

humans are more complex and attachment system is different to birds.
therefore, may not be generalisable to humans even though research suggests attachment is innate

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14
Q

ANIMAL STUDIES- HARLOW
strength

A

harlows research helped social workers understand risk factors in child abuse.
understand importance of attachment forming in zoos
therefore, benefitted humans and animals

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15
Q

ANIMAL STUDIES- HARLOW
weakness 1

A

monkeys are similiar to humans and may share attachment systems
human mind more complex
may not be generalisable

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16
Q

ANIMAL STUDIES- HARLOW
weakness 2

A

harlows caused long term, severe affects for monkeys eg: poor socialisation
ethical issues
shouldnt have been carried out?

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17
Q

EXPLANATION OF ATT. THE LEARNING THEORY
strength 1

A

unlikely that food is primary drive for attachment.
however conditioning could play a big role eg: warmth for
STRENGTHENING attachment

18
Q

EXPLANATION OF ATT. THE LEARNING THEORY
strength 2

A

researchers have suggested parents teach love by them modelling.
learning theory provides explanations that babies take in developing att eg: reciprocity

19
Q

EXPLANATION OF ATT. THE LEARNING THEORY
weakness 1

A

lorenz- 1st moving
harlow- comfort
research provide evidence that attachments didnt form due to food, there are other factors that play a large part

20
Q

EXPLANATION OF ATT. THE LEARNING THEORY
weakness 2

A

bowlbys theory explains how and why att form
TLT only says how
TLT is over simplistic and only considers limited factors

21
Q

EXPLANATION OF ATT. BOWLBY
strength 1

A

research shows babies are distressed when parent doesnt respond to SO
supports SO are important

22
Q

EXPLANATION OF ATT. BOWLBY
strength 2 ( internal working )

A

in a study w/ 99 mothers
those with poor att to their parents were more likely to have 1 year olds that attached poorly
supports IWM as its passed through model

23
Q

EXPLANATION OF ATT. BOWLBY
weakness 1 ( relationships )

A

the relationship between the primary att figure may be stronger but not diff in quality.
- bowlby may have been wrong to suggest unique
- reduces validity

24
Q

EXPLANATION OF ATT. BOWLBY
weakness ( genetics )

A

other factors eg: genetically influenced personality is more important than parenting style in IWM
- overemphasised importance in IWM about later relationships
- contradicts

25
Q

AINSWORTH’S STRANGE SITUATION
strength 1 ( predicts )

A

attachment type predicts later development.
eg: secure should be great at school
IA worse outcomes like MH issues
evidence for validity
explains future outcomes

26
Q

AINSWORTH’S STRANGE SITUATION
strength 2 ( inter rater )

A

diff observations watching same babies agreed by 94%
att identified more accurate and doesnt depend on observer

27
Q

AINSWORTH’S STRANGE SITUATION
weakness 1 ( countries )

A

SS may not have same meaning in other countries
eg: japan babies dont seperate
difficult to know what SS measures across cultures

28
Q

AINSWORTH’S STRANGE SITUATION
weakness 2 ( main and solomon)

A

main and soloman created type d- disorganised.
mix of I.R and I.A and generally experience neglect
oversimplistic
only for babies with normal upbringings

29
Q

CULTURAL VARIATIONS
strength ( validity in countries)

A

van ljzeendorn and kroonenberg used studies conducted in countries that were researched by people from those countries
- inc validity
- no cultural bias
- pps understood instructions

30
Q

CULTURAL VARIATIONS
weakness 1 ( charactertistics)

A

pps who take part in research abroard may have characteristics that may have not been considered
- meta analysed may have dec validity due to confounding variables

31
Q

CULTURAL VARIATIONS
weakness 2

A

research may have imposed etic
( own views on another country)
germany may see I.A as good
different child rearing styles in diff cultures, behaviours in SS may have different meanings

32
Q

BOWLBYS MATERNAL DEPRIVATION
strength

A

Gao partially supported, showing poor quality maternal care is linked with high rates of psychopath in adults

33
Q

BOWLBYS MATERNAL DEPRIVATION
weakness 1 ( bias )

A

bowlby carried out interviews
determined who was AP
researcher bias
interpreted results
decreased validity

34
Q

BOWLBYS MATERNAL DEPRIVATION
weakness 2 ( rutter )

A

81% stated severe long term damages as MD was privation
bowlby overestimated seriousness in effects of MD

35
Q

BOWLBYS MATERNAL DEPRIVATION
weakness 3 ( koluchova )

A

czech twins adopted in teens were recovered from the abuse
contradicts

36
Q

INSTITUTIONALISATION
strength 1 ( social help )

A

the application has helped instituions put things in place eg: assigned 1/2 caregivers

37
Q

INSTITUTIONALISATION
strength 2 ( confoundings )

A

Romanian orphan studies have less confounding.
many experience the same early experiences
increased validity

38
Q

INSTITUTIONALISATION
weakness

A

most data from ERA only studied children as old as 20.
no adult data so cannot answer long term answers

lack of adult data means it will be a long time before we know long term affects

39
Q

early attachment on later
strength

A

fearon and roisman 2017
found early attachment constantly predicted later to their children
inc validity
research evidence

40
Q

early attachment on later
weakness 1 ( longitudinal )

A

studies into early att arent longitudinal
pps may not remember or lie
decreased validity

41
Q

early attachment on later
weakness 2 ( confounding )

A

early attachments and later may be affected by confoundings
cannot establish cause and affect
reduced validity

a level pyschology (16 decks)

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