Memory and Amnesia Flashcards
Declarative memory
Episodic- personal episodes in time and space
Semantic- facts, meanings, concepts, knowledge
Non-declarative memory
Procedural
Regions involved in episodic memory
Hippocampus
Medial temporal love
Neocortex
Regions involved in semantic memory
Lateral and anterior temporal cortex
Prefrontal cortex
Regions involved in non-declarative memory
Striatum
Cerebellum
Motor cortex
Simple classical conditioning
Amygdala
Cerebellum
Anterograde amnesia
Form of amnesia where new events not transferred to long-term memory
Deficit in learning subsequent to the onset of the disorder
Retrograde amnesia
Form of amnesia where someone will be unable to recall events that occurred before onset of amnesia
Dissociative amnesia
Characterised by blocking out of critical personal information, usually of traumatic or stressful nature
Amnesia causes
Brain injury Infections Anoxia Epilepsy Neurodegenerative disease
NMDA receptor binding to glutamate/glycine
Channel opens
Mg2+ ions block channel unless cell is depolarised
When cell depolarised, Mg2+ expelled and Ca2+ and Na+ enter cell
Depolarisation needed to remove Mg2+ achieved by activating synapse repeatedly
LTP induction
Large intracellular Ca2+ rise for short period of time
LTD induction
Small rise in Ca2+ over longer time
NMDARs
It is activated when glutamate and glycine (or D-serine) bind to it, and when activated it allows positively charged ions to flow through the cell membrane. The NMDA receptor is very important for controlling synaptic plasticity and memory function
LTP
Long term potentiation
• Memories are formed when neurons form new connections/strengthen existing synapses.
• Persistent increase in synaptic strength (i.e. repeating of action) causes a long-lasting increase in signal transmission between two neurons (LTP).
