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BB CC > Cerebellum > Flashcards

Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

Cerebellum

A

Posterior cranial fossa

Crosses midline

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2
Q

Vermis

A

Part that lies along midline

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3
Q

Gyri

A

Many narrow gyri

Mostly run medio-lateral

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4
Q

Primary fissure

A

Divides cerebellum into anterior and posterior lobe

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5
Q

Small third lobe

A

Flocculus, part of the flocculo-nodular lobe

On ventral surface of cerebellum, forming part of roof of 4th ventricle

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6
Q

Blood supply to cerebellum

A

Mainly through 3 pairs of arteries
SCA
Anterior inferior cerebellar artery
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)

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7
Q

Most common site of infarct in posterior circulation

A

PICA

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8
Q

3 Layers in cerebellar cortex

A

Seen through Nissl or Thionin stain
Outer molecular layer
Middle layer
Inner layer

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9
Q

Outer molecular layer

A

Pale

Mostly axon + few cells

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10
Q

Middle layer

A

Single layer of Purkinje fibres

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11
Q

Inner layer

A

Granule layer
Thick
Contains vast number of granule cells

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12
Q

Superior cerebellar peduncle

A

Output fibres only

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13
Q

Middle cerebellar peduncle (largest)

A

Input fibres from (contralateral) cerebral cortex + cranial nerves

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14
Q

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

A

Input fibres from spinal cord

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15
Q

Dorsal (posterior) spinocerebellar tract

A

Ipsilateral
Passes up into brainstem + enters cerebellum in inferior cerebellar peduncle on same side
Carries info from proprioceptors
Relay cell in lamina VII

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16
Q

Ventral (anterior) spinocerebellar tract

A

Contralateral in spinal cord
Carries info about state of reflexes in spinal cord
Relay cell in lamina VII
Re-crosses in brain stem to end up on same side as it enters cord

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17
Q

Cerebellar signs

A

Always on same side as lesion

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18
Q

Inputs and outputs to cerebral cortex routed through the

A

Deep Cerebellar nuclei

19
Q

Deep Cerebellar Nuclei

A

From M –> L

Fastigial –> Globose –> Emboliform –> Dentate

20
Q

Hemispheres connect to

A

Dentate nuclei

21
Q

Anterior lobe connects to

A

Globose and Emboliform

22
Q

Vermis connects to

A

Fastigial

23
Q

Flocculo-nodular lobe connect to

A

Lateral vestibular nuclei of pons (serves same function for F/N lobe as the deep nuclei do for other cerebellar zones)

24
Q

Cerebellum + movement

A

Doesn’t initiate movement
Helps motor cortex produce accurate + smooth movements
–> modulates + refines motor cortex commands by using feedback from proprioceptors + other sensory organs

25
Q

Cerebellar damage

A

Clumsiness, abnormal fatigue + instability of movement
–> extraocular eye movements particularly affected
Exhibits neuronal plasticity so partial recovery of function possible

26
Q

Damage to deep nuclei

A

Persisting disability

27
Q

Vestibulocerebellum

A

Flocculonodular lobe connected to lateral vestibular nucleus (in pons)

28
Q

Spinocerebellum

A

Anterior lobe + vermis connected to fastigial, globose + emboliform nuclei

29
Q

Cerebrocerebellum

A

Posterior lobe (cerebellar hemisphere) connected to dentate nucleus

30
Q

Vestibulocerebellum function

A

Co-ordinates head and eye movements–> stability of gaze
Controls balance of head on body, via medial vestibulospinal tract
Helps balance body on ground, via lateral vestibulospinal tract

31
Q

Vestibulocerebellum MOA

A

Info from vestibular apparatus about movement of head sent to vestibular nuclei in pons + medulla
Info combined with info coming from extra-ocular eye muscles + muscles in neck about head movements

32
Q

Medial vestibulospinal tract

A

Motor commands to neck + eye muscles

33
Q

Lateral vestibulospinal tract

A

Motor commands to legs

34
Q

Spinocerebellum function

A

Controls locomotion + limb co-ordination

Sends motor commands down reticulospinal tracts to coordinate postural + locomotor movements

35
Q

Cerebrocerebellum function

A

Coordinates movement initiated by motor cortex

–> includes speech, voluntary movements of hands + arms, and hand-eye coordination

36
Q

Neocerebellum

A

Output - to motor (VL) thalamus via superior cerebral peduncle

37
Q

Flocculonodular syndrome

A 
Poor balance
Disordered eye movements
Nystagmus
Ocular dysmetria
Poor visual pursuit (tracking)
Little control of axial muscles
Wide based ataxic gait
Tendency to fall to side of lesion
Can't sit or stand without falling- severe
38
Q

Floculonodular syndrome common in

A

Young children with medulloblastoma in 4th ventricle

39
Q

Medulloblastoma

A

Originates 4th ventricle wall
Primitive neuroectodermal tumour
Most common malignant CNS tumour in children

40
Q

Anterior lobe syndrome

A

Damage to spinocerebellum
Incoordination of limbs
Often seen in alcoholics due to malnutrition + lack of B vitamins

41
Q

Anterior lobe damage signs

A

Ataxic gait
Hypotonia
Depressed or pendular reflexes (UMN lesions)

42
Q

Neocerebellar syndrome

A

Loss of hand eye coordination
Dysmetria
Dysdiadochokinesis
Intention tremors- finger to nose)
Loss of good speech articulation (slurred speech)
–> stroke, tumour, trauma, degenerative diseases

43
Q

Cerebellar stroke signs

A

Usually whole cerebellar cortex on one side
Headache, Vertigo, Nausea, Vomiting
Eye changes- typically one eye + contribute to vertigo
Dysarthria + Dysphagia
Ataxia
Arm weakness + incoordination- usually one arm

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