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BB CC > Blood supply to Brain II > Flashcards

Blood supply to Brain II Flashcards

1
Q

Brain % of body weight

A

2%

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2
Q

How much CO does brain receive

A

15%

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3
Q

How much O2 does brain use

A

20%

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4
Q

How much glucose does brain use

A

25%

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5
Q

Average brain blood flow

A

46mL/100g of brain per min

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6
Q

How many seconds of anoxia lead to unconsciousness

A

20 seconds

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7
Q

Lower O2, higher CO2

A

Increased flow

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8
Q

Blood flow doesn’t change until

A

PO2 falls below 50mmHg

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9
Q

Hypercapnia effects

A

Dilatation of cerebral arteries

Increased blood flow

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10
Q

Hypocapnia effect

A

Constriction of cerebral arteries

Decreased blood flow

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11
Q

Arteries in brain

A

Thin walled

Easily blocked, distorted or ruptured

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12
Q

Veins in brain

A

No valves
Thin walled
No muscles or elasticity to help return

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13
Q

Arterial BS

A

Carotid- 80%

Vertebral- 20%

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14
Q

Vertebral artery

A

Posterior and anterior spinal arteries –> spinal cord

PICA –> dorsal medulla of brain

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15
Q

Basilar artery

A

Pons

Cerebellum

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16
Q

Posterior cerebral artery

A

Inferior + medial aspects of temporal + occipital cortex
Thalamus + posterior internal capsule
Midbrain

17
Q

Arachnoid granulations

A

Allow CSF to flow into venous blood of sinuses

BUT prevent backflow of blood into subarachnoid space

18
Q

Superficial cerebral veins

A

Cross subarachnoid space
Pierce dura + enter intracranial venous sinuses
Superficial drainage

19
Q

Major causes stroke

A 
Atherosclerosis
Hypertension
Aneurysm
Elderly
Head injury
20
Q

Ischaemic stroke

A

85-88%
Atherosclerosis
Embolism

21
Q

Cerebral haemorrhagic stroke

A

12-15%
Trauma
Spontaneous

22
Q

MCA stroke

A

Dominant hemisphere –> global aphasia, sensorimotor loss on contralateral face, upper limb + trunk
Striate arteries often involved
Non-dominant hemisphere –> neglect syndrome

23
Q

MCA Stroke dominant hemisphere

A

Global aphasia

Sensorimotor loss on contralateral face, upper limb + trunk

24
Q

MCA stroke non-dominant hemisphere

A

Neglect syndrome

25
Q

ACA stroke

A

Contralateral sensorimotor loss below waist
Urinary incontinence
Personality defects
Split-brain syndrome

26
Q

PCA stroke

A

Contralateral homonymous hemianopia
Reading + writing deficits
Impaired memory

27
Q

TIA

A

Temp. loss brain function

Resolves within 24 hours

28
Q

TIA symptoms- Anterior circulation

A

Motor weakness
Hemi-sensory loss
Dysarthria
Transient monocular blindness

29
Q

TIA symptoms- Posterior circulation

A

Vertigo
Diplopia
Ataxia
Amnesia

30
Q

Epidural haematoma

A 
Traumatic
Between dura mater + skull
Expansion stops at sutures because dura more tightly attached here- then presses inwards
Rapid arterial bleeding
Mortality 10%
31
Q

Subdural haematoma

A

Traumatic/ageing
Blood between dura + arachnoid mater
Rupture to bridging veins
Mortality 40-60%

32
Q

Subarachnoid haematoma

A

Spontaneous
Between arachnoid + pia
Rupture aneurysm or head injury
Arterial

33
Q

Epidural haematoma bleed

A

Middle meningeal

Anterior ethmoidal

34
Q

Epidural haematoma symptoms

A

Blood collection compresses intracranial structures
Compress cranial nerve III
Weakness of extremities on opposite side of lesion
Loss of visual field opposite to lesion

35
Q

Epidural haematoma Diagnosis

A

CT
MRI
Convex lens

36
Q

Subdural haematoma bleed

A

Acute, subacute or chronic
Acute after high speed acceleration + deceleration
Slower onset as venous bleed

37
Q

Subdural haematoma symptoms

A 
Irritability
Seizures
Headache
Numbness
Disorientation
38
Q

Subdural haematoma diagnosis

A

CT –> crescent shaped with concave surface

Crosses suture lines

39
Q

Cerebral arteriovenous malformation

A 
Headaches + seizures
Pulsing noise in head
Progressive weakness 
Numbness
Vision changes
Debilitating, excruciating pain

BB CC (29 decks)

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