Intro to BB2 Flashcards
NS Functions
Gather sensory info from external environment
Integrate information for assessment + meaning
Produce motor, behavioural and cognitive responses
Regulate body homeostasis
CNS divisions
Brain
Spinal cord
PNS Divisions
Autonomic
Somatic
Autonomic NS division
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
Enteric
Subdivisions of CNS
Spinal cord Medulla oblongata Pons Cerebellum Midbrain Diencephalon Cerebral hemispheres
Forebrain develops into
Cerebrum (cerebral hemispheres- cerebral cortex, white matter, basal ganglia)
Diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus, posterior pituitary, pineal gland)
Midbrain develops into
Midbrain (part of brainstem)
Hindbrain develops into
Pons (part of brainstem), cerebellum Medulla Oblongata (part of brainstem)
Midbrain function
Visual and auditory reflexes
Orienting reflexes
Pons function
Relay of info from cochlea and vestibular apparatus
Control of movement and sensation from the face
Control of mastication
Medulla function
Integration of breathing + swallowing
Control of respiration
Control of BP
Control of cortical arousal
Olfactory Nerve
Nucleus- Anterior olfactory
Nucleus location- Olfactory tract
Function- Smell
Sign of damage- Anosmia
Optic Nerve
Nucleus name- Lateral geniculate
Nucleus location- Thalamus
Function- Vision
Sign of damage- Blindness
Oculomotor nerve- oculomotor nucleus
Nucleus location- Midbrain
Function- eye movement (elevation, adduction)
Sign of damage- Eye deviates down and out
Oculomotor nerve- Edinger-Westphal nucleus
Nucleus location- Midbrain
Function- Pupil dilation
Sign of damage- Loss of pupillary/accommodation reflex
Trochlear Nerve
Nucleus name- Trochlear
Nucleus location- Midbrain
Function- Diplopia, lateral deviation of eye
Trigeminal Nerve- Principal nucleus
Location- Pons
Function- Facial sensation
Sign of damage- facial anaesthesia
Trigeminal nerve- Spinal nucleus
Location- medulla
Function- Mastication
Sign of damage- Loss of facial pain sensation
Trigeminal nerve- Mesenphalic nucleus
Location- Pons/midbrain
Trigeminal nerve- Motor nucleus
Location - pons
damage- weakness/loss of mastication
Frontal lobe function
Movement
Parietal lobe function
Somatosensory
Occipital lobe function
Vision
Temporal lobe function
Hearing and memory
Primary motor cortex
Voluntary movement
Primary sensory cortex
Somatic sensations
Primary auditory cortex
hearing
Primary visual cortex
Vision
Broca’s area
Language expression
Wernicke’s area
Language comprehension
Posterior cerebral artery
Posterior part of brain, both middle and outer
Anterior cerebral artery
All of middle of brain, from anterior to posterior until PCA region
Middle cerebral artery
Outside of brain
DCML
Discriminative touch
Cuneate + Gracile nucleus
Crossover in medulla
Corticospinal tract
Motor
Descending
Crossover- spinomedullary junction
Spinocerebellar tract
Proprioception
No crossover
Spinothalamic tract
Pain + temp
Crossover in spinal cord
ACh
Used by spinal cord neurones to control muscles
Used by Brain to regulate memory
Mainly Excitatory
Dopamine
Linked to feelings of pleasure, when released by brain reward system
Multiple functions depending on where in brain it acts
GABA
Major inhibitory neurotransmitter in brain
Glutamate
Major excitatory neurotransmitter in brain
Glycine
Mainly by neurones in spinal cord
Inhibitory + excitatory
Noradrenaline
PNS- fight or flight
CNS- various processes e.g. mood
Serotonin
Mood, appetite + sensory perception
In spinal cord, involved in pain pathways
