Memory Flashcards
The process in which sensor input is transformed into an object of sorts that we can store or perform cognitive operations one
Encoding
This part of the nervous system mediates the processing of environmental input wither automatically or in a controlled, more deliberate way
Perceptual processes of our nervous system
This encoding encapsulate meaningful information about a stimulus
Semantic encoding
Refers to the effects of context on our ability to perceive subsequent stimuli
(Can be positive and negative)
Priming
Type of priming that occurs when stimulus inhibits the processing of subsequent stimuli
Negative priming
Stroop task
Identify the color that is used to write a word depicting in another color.
Ex. The word “yellow” is written in red. You have to say red, not yellow
Stroop task is an example of which priming
Negative priming
A technique that can be used to promote encoding in which complex stimulus is broken down into multiple small, more meaningful components that are much easier to encode.
Chunking
Breaking down phone number into 510-867-5309 instead of a linear sequence of ten numbers is using what type of encoding promoting technique
Chunking
A way to encode information by mentally mapping it onto an imagined space, with multiple rooms, hallways, and so on
Method of loci
- performed by professional memorizers
The hypothesis that psychological arousal restricts our focus of attention is associated with which psychologist
J.A. Easterbrook
Type of memory that is virtually instantaneous, the idea here is that in any given moment in time, we’re taking in and temporarily storing a vast amount of information that will decay quickly, without rehearsal, or a conscious decision y to pay attention to or to reinforce the memory
Sensory memory
This type of memory describes our ability to store information on that time scale , and it’s generally thought to have a relatively small capacity
Short term memory
Traditional guideline: we can hold roughly 5 to 9 items in our short-term memory
A type of memory that focuses more on the cognitive and attention processes that we use to perform mental operations on information that we’re holding in our short-term memory
Working memory
The 3 main types of long-term memory
- Semantic or explicit memory
- Procedural or implicit memory
- Episodic memory
A type of long-term memory that refers to memory of specific pieces of information (this is the kind of memory that would pay dividends on trivia night)
Semantic memory (also known as explicit and declarative memory)
A type of long-term memory that refers to the memory of how to do something. And example would be how to ride a bike (it will be difficult or even impossible to state in explicit terms how to ride a bike)
Procedural or implicit memory
A type of long-term memory that relates to ur memory of experiences
Episodic memory
Refers to the phenomenon many of us have experienced of having an extremely vivid and detailed memory of important moments in our lives, either positive or negative ones.
Flashbulb memory
Refers to the ability to a remember as stimulus on great detail after a relatively short exposure
Eidetic memory
Refers to how how a highly-detailed visual image can remain in our perception briefly (a second or so) after the stimulus itself is removed or changed
Iconic memory
Refers to memories related to plans to do something in the future
Prospective memory