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social science > Emotion And Stress > Flashcards

Emotion And Stress Flashcards

1
Q

The first pair of Ekman’s universal emotions

A

Happiness and sadness

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2
Q

Expression of happiness

A

Smiling and wrinkling of one’s brows

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3
Q

Expression of sadness

A

The corners of the mouth are lowered and the inner side of the brows are raised

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4
Q

Expression of surprise

A

Opening on;es eyes wide, thereby raising the eyebrows, and optionally by opening one;s mouth slightly

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5
Q

Expression of fear

A

Involves widening the yes and raising one’s eyebrows, but with lips retracted backwards towards the ear

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6
Q

Expression of anger

A

Expressed by lowering one’s eyebrows, pressing one’s lips together, and glaring

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7
Q

Expression of disgust

A

Shown by wrinkling one’s nose and possibly lifting up one’s upper lip

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8
Q

Eva an originally proposed 6 universal emotions but later on argued a 7th one? What is it and how is it facially expressed?

A

Contempt. Pulling a corner of the mouth upwards

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9
Q

What general region of the brain is associated with emotion? Which specific organ is mainly associated with emotion?

A

Limbic system; amygdala

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10
Q

This organ is an important link between the nervous and endocrine system. The amygdala has neurons that project to this organ

A

Hypothalamus

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11
Q

These 2 organs both play important roles in translating between stimuli, conscious perceptions, and the physiological manifestations of emotion.

A

Amygdala and Hypothalamus

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12
Q

Emotions like anxiety and fear are associated with activation of the sympathetic nervous system. What are the effects of “fight or flight” response activation?

A

Dilation of pupils, increased conductivity of the skin, reduced peristalsis and less blood flow to the muscles responsible for digestion, and increased blood sugar levels.

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13
Q

The 3 components of emotion

A

Cognitive, physiological, and behavioral

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14
Q

Three main theories that have been proposed to account for links among the cognitive, physiological, and behavioral components are

A

James-Lange, Cannon-Bard, and Schachter-Singer theories of emotion.
*also know the Lazarus theory

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15
Q

James-Lange theory of emotion

A

Stimulus -> Physiological response -> emotional response

We perceive the physiological response as emotion

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16
Q

How is the Schachter-Singer theory an improvement of Jame-Lange

A

It added cognitive appraisal of the context

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17
Q

Outline of emotion with the Schachter-Singer theory

A

Stimulus -> physiological response -> appraise that response in context -> conscious emotion and/or behavior

18
Q

Cannon-Bard theory outline of emotion

A

Stimulus -> physiological response and emotional response in the brain happen SIMULTANEOUSLY and SEPARATELY -> emotional response

19
Q

What is the difference between the Schachter-Singer and Lazarus theory?

A

Lazarus theory includes cognitive labeling but says it comes first before the physiological response while for Schachter-Singer theory, contextual appraisal is highly linked to physiological response

20
Q

These type of stressors are outside of our control

A

Independent stressors

Ex. Cataclysmic events, unexpected illnesses, car accident through no fault of one’s own.

21
Q

Type of stressors that are impacted by our own behaviors and to some extent are therefore, within our control

A

Dependent stressors

22
Q

Avoidance-avoidance conflict

A

Have to choose between 2 bad options

23
Q

Approach-approach conflict

A

Have to choose between 2 good options

24
Q

Approach-avoidance conflict

A

Have to make a decision that has both upsides and downsides

25
Q

Double-approach avoidance conflict

A

Have to choose between 2 options that each have upsides and downsides

26
Q

The discrepancies that exist in the degree to which certain things stress people out

A

Stress appraisal

27
Q

Refers to the process through which a person sees a certain event as a threat or a stressor

A

Primary appraisal

28
Q

Refers to a person’s assessment of his or her ability to deal with that stressor

A

Secondary appraisal

29
Q

A form of stress that has a negative effect on you

A

Distress

30
Q

Refers to positive stress

A

Distress
*when stress brings out the best in us
Can also be graduation, employment, marriage

31
Q

Refers to stressors that don’t have much impact on you one way or another.

A

Neustress- neutral stress

32
Q

The outline provided in the concepts known as General Adaptation Syndrome

A

Alarm -> Resistance -> Exhaustion

33
Q

Described as the initial response to stress. A stage in which the nervous system become activated to marshal the fight-or-flight response needed to deal with an acute stressor

A

Alarm

34
Q

This stage is mediated by the steroid hormone cortisol, which is responsible for chronic stress response

A

Resistance

35
Q

The stage in which body’s resources will be drained at which points= the body becomes more vulnerable to the long-term negative side effects of stress.

A

Exhaustion

36
Q

Chronic stress may serve as a ____________ variable for observe relationships between lower socioeconomic status and higher rates of negative health outcomes

A

Mediating

37
Q

Repeated exposure to stressors that one is unable to change or avoid can lead to this phenomenon

A

Learned helplessness

38
Q

Learned helplessness has been linked to psychiatric conditions such as

A

Depression

39
Q

Which hormones are produced in the adrenal cortex

A

Cortisol and epinephrine

40
Q

Physiological response to chronic stressors

A

General Adaptation Syndrome

41
Q

Cognitive and behavioral response to chronic stressors

A

Learned helplessness

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