Attention Flashcards
The ability to direct our awareness to a single aspect of stimuli form the external environment
Attention
Having a focus, a fringe area we aren’t paying attention to, and a margin, which lies in between the focus and the fringe.- William James
Attention
Posits that dozens of input streams of sensory information undergo basic processing for things like color, shape, and so one, and then enter a sensory buffer. From that sensory buffer, the mind picks something to focus on, process, and assign meaning to, and then the rest of the information in the buffer decays.
Broadbent model of selective attention
Experimental setup in which subjects are asked to repeat words as soon as they hear them
Shadowing- through this experiment it is pretty clear that we process the information stream that we’re focusing on much more than the one we’re not focusing on
Describe show if you’re in a room with a lot of different groups talking, like a party, you can be focused on a conversation you’re having with your group of friends, but if someone across the room mentions you by name, you’ll immediately notice
Cocktail party effect- proof that we must be processing unattended input in some level
Posits that instead off an all-or-nothing buffer, unattended information is reduced in intensity. Particularly intense or important information might come to our attention. The advantage of this theory is that the degree to which input is attenuated can depend on various factors, including context and coherence
Attenuation theory by Anne Treisman
When working on a focused task, one can definitely miss things happening in teh background. This is called?
Inattentional blindness- brought to attention by invisible gorilla experiment
Refers to the failure to notice changes that take place between 2 stimuli. This is related to inattentional blindness, in that our expectations and level of focus clearly play a role in whether we notice differences between 2 stimuli, but it’s a more specific phenomenon
Change blindness
Paying attention to multiple things at the same time
Simultaneous attention
Multitasking is actually just rapidly switching back and forth between tasks
Sequential attention
We have certain capacity for attention that we allocate among tassels, with the attention required for each task depending on our expertise, the difficulty of the task, and our level of psychological around all
Model of attention- by Daniel Kahneman
Posits that instead of a central structure in the Brian that allocates attention among all competing demands, we have distinct, specialized modules. This means that we can multitask reasonably well as long as the tasks draw from different modules, but will run into trouble if we try to do two similar tasks as the Mae time
Allport’s module resource theory
Takes place when we consciously focus on exactly how to carry out task
Controlled processing
Takes place when we can move or less do something on autopilot
Automatic processing
ADHD three subtypes:
- Predominately inattentive type: symptoms- not paying close attention to details, having trouble sustaining attention on tasks, and being easily distracted
- Predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type
- Combined type