Medici Test

Question 1

The Renaissance begins when Cosimo de Medici and his friends search Europe for ______ ________? Simply reading pagan authors like Socrates and Plato was punishable by excommunication from the church

Answer 1

classical manuscripts

Question 2

Popes could excommunicate Christians guilty of ______ which was believing anything other than what the church preached

Answer 2

heresy

Question 3

__________, who built the dome of the Florence Cathedral, was both architect and engineer

Answer 3

Brunelleschi

Question 4

Brunelleschi used _______ as supports for the first time in 1000 years, creating a revolution in architecture

Answer 4

arches

Question 5

Florentines came to watch the construction of the dome. One of the things that amazed them was Brunelleschi’s use of the classical orders of _________, which hadn’t been used since the fall of Rome

Answer 5

columns

Question 6

Although Brunelleschi examined the construction of the dome of the Roman Pantheon, he couldn’t use the same techniques because of the size of the dome and because the recipe for making _______ had been lost

Answer 6

concrete

Question 7

Brunelleschi also devised a way to alter the ______ on pulleys so the oxen could pull the 1700 pound sandstone beams 250 feet into the air and return them to the ground without changing direction

Answer 7

gears

Question 8

Brunelleschi personally lay some of the ______ on the dome because what he proposed was so revolutionary that the brick masons were afraid the technique would fail and they would die

Answer 8

bricks

Question 9

Cosimo’s patronage of Brunelleschi helped the Medici family gain ______ and ________

Answer 9

power and prestige

Question 10

The _______ banking family, who resented the power of the Medici had ______ arrested

Answer 10

Albizzi; Cosimo

Question 11

Brunelleschi was jailed and forced to stop work on II Duomo when his patron was found guilty of treason against _____

Answer 11

Florence

Question 12

Cosimo escaped from the tower that was his prison by ______ guards

Answer 12

bribing

Question 13

When Cosimo was finally asked to return to Florence, he had even more power and prestige. The Medici banks became the most important banks in Europe as they collected money for the _____

Answer 13

pope

Question 14

Cosimo de Medici’s patronage of Baldesari Cossa paid off when Cosa became Pope ______-

Answer 14

John XXIII

Question 15

Marcello Fantoni: “Patronage is great for the production of art but totally irrational from the economic view. _________ is a political strategy…high political competition.”

Answer 15

patronage

Question 16

Florence was proud to be the only _______ in Europe; but the government was often corrupt

Answer 16

republic

Question 17

Seventy percent of all Renaissance ______ lived and worked in Florence

Answer 17

artists

Question 18

Brunelleschi also invented linear ________. According to Jeremy Brotton, this invention changed the way we see, creating a modern way of looking at the world

Answer 18

perspective

Question 19

The bronze sculpture of David by ________ was the first free standing statue created since ancient Rome

Answer 19

Donatello

Question 20

Once Il Duomo was finished, Cosimo organized the _____________ of Florence, which brought people from all over the world to his city; included were scholars who knew and could translate Greek the ancient Greek tests the Cosimo and his friends had been searching for.

Answer 20

general council

Question 21

When Cosimo died in 1464, the Florentines declared him _______ _______, father of the fatherlands

Answer 21

pater patriae

Question 22

T/F? Lorenzo de Medici married Clarice Orsini because she was beautiful and he was in love with her?

Answer 22

false

Question 23

T/F? The system of patronage used by the Medici family to operate Florence and Tuscany, in which people are personally loyal to a family that looks out for them in return, was similar to the system used by the Mafia to control Southern Italy.

Answer 23

true

Question 24

T/F? All of the artists that the Ninja turtles were named after worked for the Medici family

Answer 24

true

Question 25

T/F? the pazzi, a rival banking family, tried to have Lorenzo and his sister killed Easter Sunday 1748 in the Florentine cathedral?

Answer 25

false

Question 26

T/F? The Pazzi were killed or run out of Florence, but Pope Sixtus sent an army against Florence to avenge the death of his relatives?

Answer 26

true

Question 27

T/F? the frescoes in the chapel of the Medici palace advertise the family’s power?

Answer 27

true

Question 28

T/F? the current pope, Pope Sixtus, was in on the plot against the Medici?

Answer 28

true

Question 29

T/F? Lorenzo survived, and his supporters hanged the conspirators, including two relatives of the pope from the government building windows?

Answer 29

true

Question 30

T/F? Lorenzo de Medic ruled Florence through influence rather than by law or elected position?

Answer 30

true

Question 31

T/F? Lorenzo visited his enemies in Naples alone, bribed them, and defeated the Pope’s attempts to destroy Florence?

Answer 31

true

Question 32

T/F? When Lorenzo returned to Florence, he was named “II Magnifico” and asked to take over the government of Florence; he agreed?

Answer 32

false

Question 33

T/F? For 20 years the Florentines benefited from Lorenzo’s public generosity, his spending virtuously on buildings, art, festivals and entertainment?

Answer 33

true

Question 34

T/F? Monks hired by the Pazzi killed Guiliano by shooting him to death?

Answer 34

false

Question 35

T/F? In the “Bonfire of Vanities” Savonarola and his followers burned books, makeup, clothes, wigs, art, and jewelry

Answer 35

true

Question 36

T/F? Lorenzo established the first art school in Florence

Answer 36

true

Question 37

T/F? Botticelli’s paintings like the Birth of Venus are religious rather than humanistic?

Answer 37

false

Question 38

T/F? Six years after his fundamentalist backlash against the Renaissance and Lorenzo de Medici, Savonarola was excommunicated, tortured, chained, hanged, and burned. Florence had turned against the prophet after suffering years of plague, war, and starvation.

Answer 38

true

Question 39

T/F? Girolamo Savonarola was a Dominican priest who worked for Lorenzo?

Answer 39

false

Question 40

T/F? Savonarola believed that nude paintings and non religious art were evil

Answer 40

true

Question 41

T/F? MIchelangelo and Botticelli fought against Savonarola?

Answer 41

false

Question 42

T/F? Eventually Botticelli either changed his mind about what subjects are appropriate for his own paintings or he feared the repercussions his art might bring because he threw some of his own paintings on Savonarola’s “Bonfire of the Vanities.”

Answer 42

true

Question 43

T/F? When Lorenzo died in 1492, Savonarola forgave him on his death bed?

Answer 43

false

Question 44

T/F? After Lorenzo’s death, Savonarola gained control of the city; his bands of “skinhead” teens roamed the city beating up prostitutes, burning homosexuals, and harassing anyone wearing jewelry, makeup, or elaborate clothes as well as anyone still owning dice or cards.

Answer 44

true

Question 45

T/F? When Lorenzo’s banks began to fail, the ‘amici delle amici’ (friends of friends) system of influence began to break down because there weren’t enough personal favors to go around.

Answer 45

true

Question 46

who excommunicated Martin Luther?

Answer 46

Giovanni de Medici

Question 47

who was forced by pope Julius to paint the Sistine Chapel?

Answer 47

Michelangelo

Question 48

Who attached his 95 theses to the door of Wittenberg Cathedral in 1517?

Answer 48

Martin Luther

Question 49

Who was run out of Florence and exiled for 9 years before returning with an army to invade Florence, and was later welcomed after becoming pope?

Answer 49

Giovanni de Medici

Question 50

who refused Henry VIII’s divorce, leading to England’s establishing the first Protestant nation?

Answer 50

Giovanni de Medici

Question 51

who was forced by pope Clement VII to create “The Last Judgment” over altar in Sistine Chapel

Answer 51

Michelangelo

Question 52

who was Pope when Germans sacked Rome under Holy Roman Emperor Charles V; his poor negotiation skills were largely to blame for the attack

Answer 52

Guilio de Medici

Question 53

who was hired by Florentine government to set up defenses against Giovanni and Guiio de Medici; assembled a national militia

Answer 53

Niccolo Machaivelli

Question 54

who was forced by Pope Leo X to sculpt Medici tombs in Florence

Answer 54

Michelangelo

Question 55

who sold papal indulgences to pay off his debts?

Answer 55

Giovanni de Medici

Question 56

who was the son of Guiliano and was adopted by Lorenzo

Answer 56

Guilio de Medici

Question 57

who was Lorenzo’s son who became the youngest cardinal in history; Medici money bought him the papacy; he became Pope Leo X

Answer 57

Giovanni de Medici

Question 58

who became Pope Clement VII after the longest conclave in history, it took him two years to be elected

Answer 58

Guilio de Medici

Question 59

his statue of David became a symbol for Florence’s hatred for Medici

Answer 59

Michelangelo

Question 60

wrote “The Prince” a cynical book describing the realities of politics in his day; dedicated it to the Medici to gain their patronage

Answer 60

Niccolo Machaivelli

Question 61

dissected corpses to learn human anatomy

Answer 61

Leonardo de Vinci

Question 62

used as a pawn by the Florentines, traded for the safety of the city when they surrendered to the army of Giovanni and Guilio, married to French prince at 14

Answer 62

Catherine de Medici

Question 63

helped de Medici cousins get army to invade Florence after their exile

Answer 63

Pope Julius

Question 64

wrote to his brother “God has given us the papacy, let us enjoy it”

Answer 64

Giovanni de Medici

Question 65

employed nepotism when he made Guilio cardinal of Florence

Answer 65

Giovanni de Medici

Question 66

was excommunicated; started protestant revolution called The Reformation

Answer 66

Martin Luther

Question 67

after the cardinals attempted his assassination, he created hundreds of jobs in the Vatican and sold them to his friends to make money and protect his position, much like a mafia don

Answer 67

Giovanni de Medici

Question 68

completed what his cousins began; splitting the church and starting war in Europe

Answer 68

Guilio de Medici

Question 69

T/P? Alessandro, Duke of Florence and illegitimate son of a pope, is murdered in his bed by Florentines who are sick of being under the thumb of the Medici. The Florentine Signoria elects Cosimo, a 17 year old cousin, to succeed the murdered duke because they believe they can control him.

Answer 69

power

Question 70

T/P? Cosimo, abolishes the Signoria, becomes de3 facto king of Florence and Tuscany, and being basically uneducated, begins to train himself to be both a warrior and a politician.

Answer 70

power

Question 71

T/P? The new pope hires an artist laughingly referred to as Braggatoni (“large underpants man”) to cover up the privates of the nudes in Michelangelo’s painting The Last Judgment.

Answer 71

truth

Question 72

T/P? Michelangelo dies after living in Rome for the last 30 years of his life to avoid the Medici.

Answer 72

truth

Question 73

T/P? The Florentine government steals Michelangelo’s body and sneaks it back to Florence for a huge burial, claiming him as the greatest of Florentine artists.

Answer 73

power

Question 74

T/P? Cosimo II marries a Spanish aristocrat who brings him important allies, then conquers the territory between Florence and the coast and builds a navy.

Answer 74

power

Question 75

T/P? Vasari and Cosimo fix the arm of Michelangelo’s David that had been broken during the Savonarola Frenzy.

Answer 75

truth

Question 76

T/P? Vasari and Cosimo form an alliance to promote the Medici family and the arts: Vasari paints frescoes with the Medici insignia all over Florence and helps Cosimo form a new art school.

Answer 76

truth

Question 77

T/P? In his book Lives of the Artists, Vasari states that the world had been dark for 1000 years, until the renasciamento, rebirth, or renaissance occurred in Florence under the Medici.

Answer 77

truth

Question 78

T/P? Cosimo’s wife buys the Pizzi Palace, a fortress, because the Medici Palace is not impressive or large enough.

Answer 78

power

Question 79

T/P? Cosimo must pay 300 bodyguards to protect himself and his family.

Answer 79

power

Question 80

T/P? Cosimo appoints Vasari to build the Uffizi Palace, centralizing all of the offices and providing protection from assassins.

Answer 80

power

Question 81

T/P? Following the Protestant Reformation, the Catholic Church faces a growing clamor for individual freedom from the dictates of the church. As a response, the church begins the Counter Reformation, including the Inquisition, in an attempt to salvage its power and make people obedient.

Answer 81

power

Question 82

T/P? The Inquisition bans 583 heretical works, many of which are in Cosimo’s library; Cosimo organizes a token public book burning when the Inquisition comes to Florence.

Answer 82

truth

Question 83

T/P? Galileo invents the astronomical telescope and discovers sun spots, the weird shape of Saturn, the Milky Way, the moons of Jupiter and demonstrates that Copernicus is right: the earth revolves around the sun not the sun around the earth. He also discovers the law of buoyancy and establishes the basis for Newton’s theory of gravity.

Answer 83

truth

Question 84

T/P? A priest named Giordano Bruno publishes his theory that the universe is infinite.

Answer 84

truth

Question 85

T/P? Bruno is burned at the stake for his scientific beliefs.
*

Answer 85

truth

Question 86

T/P? Galileo publishes his heliocentric theory as a dialogue between two friends because his theory contradicts the Bible and church doc trine, The book becomes very popular, the first book of popular science.

Answer 86

truth

Question 87

T/P? Galileo is summoned to the Inquisition and threatene3d with excommunication and death if he does not deny Copernicus’s theory that the earth revolves around the sun.

Answer 87

power

Question 88

T/P? The pope tells the Duke of Florence to stay out of the controversy with Galileo, that it will not help Galileo and will hurt the dukedom. Duke Ferdinand II stops financially supporting Galileo.

Answer 88

truth

Question 89

T/P? Galileo has to deny the truth to avoid torture and save his life.
*

Answer 89

truth

Question 90

T/P? Galileo is sentenced to house arrest for the rest of his life. When he dies, the church refuses to let the Florentines have a big funeral for him.

Answer 90

power

Question 91

T/P? In 1992, the Catholic Church finally restores Galileo’s good name.

Answer 91

truth

Question 92

T/P? August 23, 1572, Catherine de Medici, Queen Mother of France, has the gates of Paris locked and thousands of French Huguenot Protestants killed in what becomes known as the St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre.

Answer 92

power

Question 93

T/P? In a letter to Brand Duchess Christina, Galileo Galilei says this: “some years ago, as your Serene Highness well knows, I discovered in the havens many things which had not been seen before. The novelty of these things stirred men up against me, as if I had placed these things in the sky with my own hands in order to upset nature! But I do not believe that the same God who has endowed us with sense, reason and intellect has intended us to forgo their use. He would not require us to deny sense and reason, To ban Copernicus now would seem in my judgment to be a contravention of truth…”

Answer 93

truth