Medici Test Flashcards
The Renaissance begins when Cosimo de Medici and his friends search Europe for ______ ________? Simply reading pagan authors like Socrates and Plato was punishable by excommunication from the church
classical manuscripts
Popes could excommunicate Christians guilty of ______ which was believing anything other than what the church preached
heresy
__________, who built the dome of the Florence Cathedral, was both architect and engineer
Brunelleschi
Brunelleschi used _______ as supports for the first time in 1000 years, creating a revolution in architecture
arches
Florentines came to watch the construction of the dome. One of the things that amazed them was Brunelleschi’s use of the classical orders of _________, which hadn’t been used since the fall of Rome
columns
Although Brunelleschi examined the construction of the dome of the Roman Pantheon, he couldn’t use the same techniques because of the size of the dome and because the recipe for making _______ had been lost
concrete
Brunelleschi also devised a way to alter the ______ on pulleys so the oxen could pull the 1700 pound sandstone beams 250 feet into the air and return them to the ground without changing direction
gears
Brunelleschi personally lay some of the ______ on the dome because what he proposed was so revolutionary that the brick masons were afraid the technique would fail and they would die
bricks
Cosimo’s patronage of Brunelleschi helped the Medici family gain ______ and ________
power and prestige
The _______ banking family, who resented the power of the Medici had ______ arrested
Albizzi; Cosimo
Brunelleschi was jailed and forced to stop work on II Duomo when his patron was found guilty of treason against _____
Florence
Cosimo escaped from the tower that was his prison by ______ guards
bribing
When Cosimo was finally asked to return to Florence, he had even more power and prestige. The Medici banks became the most important banks in Europe as they collected money for the _____
pope
Cosimo de Medici’s patronage of Baldesari Cossa paid off when Cosa became Pope ______-
John XXIII
Marcello Fantoni: “Patronage is great for the production of art but totally irrational from the economic view. _________ is a political strategy…high political competition.”
patronage
Florence was proud to be the only _______ in Europe; but the government was often corrupt
republic
Seventy percent of all Renaissance ______ lived and worked in Florence
artists
Brunelleschi also invented linear ________. According to Jeremy Brotton, this invention changed the way we see, creating a modern way of looking at the world
perspective
The bronze sculpture of David by ________ was the first free standing statue created since ancient Rome
Donatello
Once Il Duomo was finished, Cosimo organized the _____________ of Florence, which brought people from all over the world to his city; included were scholars who knew and could translate Greek the ancient Greek tests the Cosimo and his friends had been searching for.
general council
When Cosimo died in 1464, the Florentines declared him _______ _______, father of the fatherlands
pater patriae
T/F? Lorenzo de Medici married Clarice Orsini because she was beautiful and he was in love with her?
false
T/F? The system of patronage used by the Medici family to operate Florence and Tuscany, in which people are personally loyal to a family that looks out for them in return, was similar to the system used by the Mafia to control Southern Italy.
true
T/F? All of the artists that the Ninja turtles were named after worked for the Medici family
true
T/F? the pazzi, a rival banking family, tried to have Lorenzo and his sister killed Easter Sunday 1748 in the Florentine cathedral?
false
T/F? The Pazzi were killed or run out of Florence, but Pope Sixtus sent an army against Florence to avenge the death of his relatives?
true
T/F? the frescoes in the chapel of the Medici palace advertise the family’s power?
true
T/F? the current pope, Pope Sixtus, was in on the plot against the Medici?
true
T/F? Lorenzo survived, and his supporters hanged the conspirators, including two relatives of the pope from the government building windows?
true
T/F? Lorenzo de Medic ruled Florence through influence rather than by law or elected position?
true
T/F? Lorenzo visited his enemies in Naples alone, bribed them, and defeated the Pope’s attempts to destroy Florence?
true
T/F? When Lorenzo returned to Florence, he was named “II Magnifico” and asked to take over the government of Florence; he agreed?
false
T/F? For 20 years the Florentines benefited from Lorenzo’s public generosity, his spending virtuously on buildings, art, festivals and entertainment?
true
T/F? Monks hired by the Pazzi killed Guiliano by shooting him to death?
false
T/F? In the “Bonfire of Vanities” Savonarola and his followers burned books, makeup, clothes, wigs, art, and jewelry
true
T/F? Lorenzo established the first art school in Florence
true
T/F? Botticelli’s paintings like the Birth of Venus are religious rather than humanistic?
false
T/F? Six years after his fundamentalist backlash against the Renaissance and Lorenzo de Medici, Savonarola was excommunicated, tortured, chained, hanged, and burned. Florence had turned against the prophet after suffering years of plague, war, and starvation.
true
T/F? Girolamo Savonarola was a Dominican priest who worked for Lorenzo?
false
T/F? Savonarola believed that nude paintings and non religious art were evil
true
T/F? MIchelangelo and Botticelli fought against Savonarola?
false
T/F? Eventually Botticelli either changed his mind about what subjects are appropriate for his own paintings or he feared the repercussions his art might bring because he threw some of his own paintings on Savonarola’s “Bonfire of the Vanities.”
true
T/F? When Lorenzo died in 1492, Savonarola forgave him on his death bed?
false
T/F? After Lorenzo’s death, Savonarola gained control of the city; his bands of “skinhead” teens roamed the city beating up prostitutes, burning homosexuals, and harassing anyone wearing jewelry, makeup, or elaborate clothes as well as anyone still owning dice or cards.
true
T/F? When Lorenzo’s banks began to fail, the ‘amici delle amici’ (friends of friends) system of influence began to break down because there weren’t enough personal favors to go around.
true
who excommunicated Martin Luther?
Giovanni de Medici
who was forced by pope Julius to paint the Sistine Chapel?
Michelangelo
Who attached his 95 theses to the door of Wittenberg Cathedral in 1517?
Martin Luther
Who was run out of Florence and exiled for 9 years before returning with an army to invade Florence, and was later welcomed after becoming pope?
Giovanni de Medici
who refused Henry VIII’s divorce, leading to England’s establishing the first Protestant nation?
Giovanni de Medici
who was forced by pope Clement VII to create “The Last Judgment” over altar in Sistine Chapel
Michelangelo
who was Pope when Germans sacked Rome under Holy Roman Emperor Charles V; his poor negotiation skills were largely to blame for the attack
Guilio de Medici
who was hired by Florentine government to set up defenses against Giovanni and Guiio de Medici; assembled a national militia
Niccolo Machaivelli
who was forced by Pope Leo X to sculpt Medici tombs in Florence
Michelangelo
who sold papal indulgences to pay off his debts?
Giovanni de Medici
who was the son of Guiliano and was adopted by Lorenzo
Guilio de Medici
who was Lorenzo’s son who became the youngest cardinal in history; Medici money bought him the papacy; he became Pope Leo X
Giovanni de Medici
who became Pope Clement VII after the longest conclave in history, it took him two years to be elected
Guilio de Medici
his statue of David became a symbol for Florence’s hatred for Medici
Michelangelo
wrote “The Prince” a cynical book describing the realities of politics in his day; dedicated it to the Medici to gain their patronage
Niccolo Machaivelli
dissected corpses to learn human anatomy
Leonardo de Vinci
used as a pawn by the Florentines, traded for the safety of the city when they surrendered to the army of Giovanni and Guilio, married to French prince at 14
Catherine de Medici
helped de Medici cousins get army to invade Florence after their exile
Pope Julius
wrote to his brother “God has given us the papacy, let us enjoy it”
Giovanni de Medici
employed nepotism when he made Guilio cardinal of Florence
Giovanni de Medici
was excommunicated; started protestant revolution called The Reformation
Martin Luther
after the cardinals attempted his assassination, he created hundreds of jobs in the Vatican and sold them to his friends to make money and protect his position, much like a mafia don
Giovanni de Medici
completed what his cousins began; splitting the church and starting war in Europe
Guilio de Medici
T/P? Alessandro, Duke of Florence and illegitimate son of a pope, is murdered in his bed by Florentines who are sick of being under the thumb of the Medici. The Florentine Signoria elects Cosimo, a 17 year old cousin, to succeed the murdered duke because they believe they can control him.
power
T/P? Cosimo, abolishes the Signoria, becomes de3 facto king of Florence and Tuscany, and being basically uneducated, begins to train himself to be both a warrior and a politician.
power
T/P? The new pope hires an artist laughingly referred to as Braggatoni (“large underpants man”) to cover up the privates of the nudes in Michelangelo’s painting The Last Judgment.
truth
T/P? Michelangelo dies after living in Rome for the last 30 years of his life to avoid the Medici.
truth
T/P? The Florentine government steals Michelangelo’s body and sneaks it back to Florence for a huge burial, claiming him as the greatest of Florentine artists.
power
T/P? Cosimo II marries a Spanish aristocrat who brings him important allies, then conquers the territory between Florence and the coast and builds a navy.
power
T/P? Vasari and Cosimo fix the arm of Michelangelo’s David that had been broken during the Savonarola Frenzy.
truth
T/P? Vasari and Cosimo form an alliance to promote the Medici family and the arts: Vasari paints frescoes with the Medici insignia all over Florence and helps Cosimo form a new art school.
truth
T/P? In his book Lives of the Artists, Vasari states that the world had been dark for 1000 years, until the renasciamento, rebirth, or renaissance occurred in Florence under the Medici.
truth
T/P? Cosimo’s wife buys the Pizzi Palace, a fortress, because the Medici Palace is not impressive or large enough.
power
T/P? Cosimo must pay 300 bodyguards to protect himself and his family.
power
T/P? Cosimo appoints Vasari to build the Uffizi Palace, centralizing all of the offices and providing protection from assassins.
power
T/P? Following the Protestant Reformation, the Catholic Church faces a growing clamor for individual freedom from the dictates of the church. As a response, the church begins the Counter Reformation, including the Inquisition, in an attempt to salvage its power and make people obedient.
power
T/P? The Inquisition bans 583 heretical works, many of which are in Cosimo’s library; Cosimo organizes a token public book burning when the Inquisition comes to Florence.
truth
T/P? Galileo invents the astronomical telescope and discovers sun spots, the weird shape of Saturn, the Milky Way, the moons of Jupiter and demonstrates that Copernicus is right: the earth revolves around the sun not the sun around the earth. He also discovers the law of buoyancy and establishes the basis for Newton’s theory of gravity.
truth
T/P? A priest named Giordano Bruno publishes his theory that the universe is infinite.
truth
T/P? Bruno is burned at the stake for his scientific beliefs.
*
truth
T/P? Galileo publishes his heliocentric theory as a dialogue between two friends because his theory contradicts the Bible and church doc trine, The book becomes very popular, the first book of popular science.
truth
T/P? Galileo is summoned to the Inquisition and threatene3d with excommunication and death if he does not deny Copernicus’s theory that the earth revolves around the sun.
power
T/P? The pope tells the Duke of Florence to stay out of the controversy with Galileo, that it will not help Galileo and will hurt the dukedom. Duke Ferdinand II stops financially supporting Galileo.
truth
T/P? Galileo has to deny the truth to avoid torture and save his life.
*
truth
T/P? Galileo is sentenced to house arrest for the rest of his life. When he dies, the church refuses to let the Florentines have a big funeral for him.
power
T/P? In 1992, the Catholic Church finally restores Galileo’s good name.
truth
T/P? August 23, 1572, Catherine de Medici, Queen Mother of France, has the gates of Paris locked and thousands of French Huguenot Protestants killed in what becomes known as the St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre.
power
T/P? In a letter to Brand Duchess Christina, Galileo Galilei says this: “some years ago, as your Serene Highness well knows, I discovered in the havens many things which had not been seen before. The novelty of these things stirred men up against me, as if I had placed these things in the sky with my own hands in order to upset nature! But I do not believe that the same God who has endowed us with sense, reason and intellect has intended us to forgo their use. He would not require us to deny sense and reason, To ban Copernicus now would seem in my judgment to be a contravention of truth…”
truth
