Chapter 20 part two (biology)

Question 1

what is the biggest difference between the Kingdom Eubacteria and Kingdom Archaebacteria?

Answer 1

Kingdom Eubacteria has a cell membrane that is surrounded by a cell wall with peptidoglycan. Kingdom Archaebacteria’s cell walls lack peptidoglycan

Question 2

which bacteria is rod shaped?

Answer 2

bacilli

Question 3

what bacteria is spherical shaped?

Answer 3

cocci

Question 4

what bacteria is spiral shaped?

Answer 4

spirilla

Question 5

facultative anaerobe:

Answer 5

can function with or without oxygen

Question 6

Endospores:

Answer 6

thick internal walls that enclose the DNA making it able to survive under harsh conditions

Question 7

conjugation:

Answer 7

the exchange of genetic information across a bridge. It results in genetic diversity

Question 8

Roles = decomposers:

Answer 8

decomposing of dead organisms supplies raw materials and is used in industrial sewage treatment

Question 9

roles = nitrogen fixation:

Answer 9

converters of nitrogen into useful forms and gives plants the nutrients to grow

Question 10

bacterial diseases:

Answer 10

can cause diseases by destroying living cells or by releasing chemicals called toxins that upset homeostasis. Pathogen (causes the diseases)

Question 11

what are the five ways to remove and kill bacterial diseases?

Answer 11

physically removing
disinfectants
food storage
sterilization
food processing

Question 12

physically removing the bacteria by dislodging them when hands are washed

Question 13

disinfectants are chemical solutions that kill bacteria

Question 14

food storage at low temps slows growth

Question 15

sterilization by heating instruments to about 100 degrees celcius

Question 16

food processing like boiling, frying, or heating foods to correct temps that kill bacteria

Question 17

emerging diseases:

Answer 17

an unknown disease that appears in a population for the first time or a well known disease that becomes harder to control

Question 18

superbugs:

Answer 18

created when bacteria have become resistant to groups of antibiotics because they have transferred drug resistant genes

Question 19

particles of protein that cause diseases

Answer 19

prions

Question 20

how are prions created?

Answer 20

improperly folded proteins

Question 21

T/F? prions contain DNA or RNA?

Answer 21

false

Question 22

what happens when a prion is formulated?

Answer 22

accumulate in the nerve cells (brain) and causes the cell to cease functioning. Which leads to death

Question 23

A dog gets into a fight, goes to a vet, gets surgery and after the surgery is put on antibiotics. The dog is taken home, the wound is not healing and is getting worse. The dog is taken back and the vet says it’s a normal wound, let’s try a different antibiotic. The dog goes home, it gets worse. What’s happening?

Answer 23

The dog has an emerging disease. It was a well known disease that became harder to control. The antibiotic is not responding like it used to/it’s not working. It’s a risk because there might not be a treatment made, the dog could get worse. Created by overuse of antibiotics that creates a superbug; becoming antibiotic resistant. There is no vaccine to make it immune to the infection

Question 24

In the same scenario, if the dog got better what is happening?

Answer 24

it is just a normal bacterial disease that can be cured.