Chapter 20 part two (biology) Flashcards
what is the biggest difference between the Kingdom Eubacteria and Kingdom Archaebacteria?
Kingdom Eubacteria has a cell membrane that is surrounded by a cell wall with peptidoglycan. Kingdom Archaebacteria’s cell walls lack peptidoglycan
which bacteria is rod shaped?
bacilli
what bacteria is spherical shaped?
cocci
what bacteria is spiral shaped?
spirilla
facultative anaerobe:
can function with or without oxygen
Endospores:
thick internal walls that enclose the DNA making it able to survive under harsh conditions
conjugation:
the exchange of genetic information across a bridge. It results in genetic diversity
Roles = decomposers:
decomposing of dead organisms supplies raw materials and is used in industrial sewage treatment
roles = nitrogen fixation:
converters of nitrogen into useful forms and gives plants the nutrients to grow
bacterial diseases:
can cause diseases by destroying living cells or by releasing chemicals called toxins that upset homeostasis. Pathogen (causes the diseases)
what are the five ways to remove and kill bacterial diseases?
physically removing
disinfectants
food storage
sterilization
food processing
physically removing the bacteria by dislodging them when hands are washed
disinfectants are chemical solutions that kill bacteria
food storage at low temps slows growth
sterilization by heating instruments to about 100 degrees celcius
food processing like boiling, frying, or heating foods to correct temps that kill bacteria
emerging diseases:
an unknown disease that appears in a population for the first time or a well known disease that becomes harder to control
superbugs:
created when bacteria have become resistant to groups of antibiotics because they have transferred drug resistant genes
particles of protein that cause diseases
prions
how are prions created?
improperly folded proteins
T/F? prions contain DNA or RNA?
false
what happens when a prion is formulated?
accumulate in the nerve cells (brain) and causes the cell to cease functioning. Which leads to death
A dog gets into a fight, goes to a vet, gets surgery and after the surgery is put on antibiotics. The dog is taken home, the wound is not healing and is getting worse. The dog is taken back and the vet says it’s a normal wound, let’s try a different antibiotic. The dog goes home, it gets worse. What’s happening?
The dog has an emerging disease. It was a well known disease that became harder to control. The antibiotic is not responding like it used to/it’s not working. It’s a risk because there might not be a treatment made, the dog could get worse. Created by overuse of antibiotics that creates a superbug; becoming antibiotic resistant. There is no vaccine to make it immune to the infection
In the same scenario, if the dog got better what is happening?
it is just a normal bacterial disease that can be cured.
