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Sophomore > HUMANITIES EXAM > Flashcards

HUMANITIES EXAM Flashcards

1
Q

what was considered the center of the cult of the Virgin throughout the twelfth and thirteenth centuries?

A

Chartres

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2
Q

what is the most cherished relic at the Chartres Cathedral?

A

the tunic Mary wore at Jesus’ birth

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3
Q

what was the chief purpose of the stained-glass programs in all Gothic cathedrals was what?

A

to tell the stories of the Bible

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4
Q

One of the stained-glass windows at the Chartres Cathedral shows the genealogy of Christ. This window called “ _ _ _” depicts the Virgin Mary descended from Jesse, the father of King David. Thus fulfilling a prophecy in the book of Isaiah?

A

“Tree of Jesse”

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5
Q

In a Gothic Church, what was traditionally built against an exterior wall to support more windows and brace it against strong winds?

A

flying buttresses

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6
Q

what figure is found on the jamb of Chartres’ south transept portal stands in a contrapposto position?

A

St. Theodore

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7
Q

what is a collection of musical works created by many composers that provided music for all feast days of the Church calendar?

A

Magnas Libri Organi

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8
Q

what is a four part polyphonic composition intended to be sung in the middle of Christmas Mass at Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris?

A

Viderunt Omnes

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9
Q

what is the minimum number of voices included in a motet?

A

three

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10
Q

the trivium consisted of what?

A

grammar, rhetoric, dialect

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11
Q

what was the first city to found a university, establishing itself as the center for the study of law?

A

Bologna

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12
Q

what language was mandatory in all courses for the first four years of study?

A

Latin

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13
Q

who played a significant role in organizing theology students in Paris?

A

Robert de Sorbon

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14
Q

Peter Abelard, a logician and author of the treatise “__ __ __” taught by the dialectical method?

A

Sic et Non

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15
Q

Trotula is widely recognized as the author of what?

A

On the Diseases of Women

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16
Q

Thomas Aquinas wrote “____ ___” and was one of the prominent spokesmen for Scholasticism?

A

Summa Theologiae

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17
Q

what Gothic church features the highest ratio of glass to stone?

A

Sainte-Chapelle

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18
Q

Ambrogio Lorenzetti is credited with painting the fresco known as what?

A

Allegory of Good Government

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19
Q

By the twelfth century, what was the center of textile production in the Western world and played a central role in European trade markets?

A

Florence

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20
Q

Florentine bankers introduced Europe’s first single currency, ___ ___ ___? This was considered the most important contribution of Florence’s bankers and money lenders to world trade?

A

the gold florin

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21
Q

Arte dei Lana formed the ___ ___ ___, or Department of Worlds of the Duomo, a committee in charge of building a new cathedral?

A

Opera del Duomo

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22
Q

The Dominicans and Franciscans were both mendicant orders; that is, they neither ____ ____ nor ____ __ ____, relying for their support on contributions from their communities?

A

held property nor engaged in business

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23
Q

the accomplishments of Pope Innocent III consisted of:

A

formalized the church hierarchy
gave full sanction to the doctrine of transubstantiation
made annual confession and Easter communion mandatory for all adult Christians

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24
Q

Simone Martini is credited with painting the “___ ____ ____ ____”, which once hung in the council of the chamber of Siena’s Palazzo Pubblico?

A

Maesta Virgin and Child

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25
Q

According to an old story, one day Cimabue discovered a talented shepherd boy by the name of Giotto di Bondone and tutored him in the art of painting. The pupil soon did what?

A

he soon surpassed the teacher

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26
Q

Dante Alighieri is credited for being the author of what?

A

Divine Comedy

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27
Q

When Dante and Virgil reach the lowest level of Hell, they found Satan himself chewing on the worst of all traitors:

A

Judas, Brutus, and Cassius

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28
Q

who serves as Dante’s guide through Paradise?

A

Beatrice, the love of his life

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29
Q

The _______ provides a startling description of Florence during the outbreak of the plague?

A

Decameron

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30
Q

what is composed of heroic couplets?

A

The Canterbury Tales

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31
Q

Geoffrey Chaucer is credited with being the author of what?

A

The Canterbury Tales

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32
Q

Chaucer’s characters come from all three estates, or social ranks:

A

the nobility
the clergy
the common people

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33
Q

Christine de Pizan is credited with being the author of what?

A

Book of the City of Ladies

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34
Q

The Medici Family was heavily involved in the _____ _____ that resulted in their becoming the most powerful family in Florentine affairs from 1418 until 1494.

A

banking industry

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35
Q

_____ was considered to be the most preeminent Italian city-state in the fifteenth century

A

Florence

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36
Q

what story from the Hebrew Bible was assigned topic for the competition to create a new set of doors for the north entrance to the Baptistery at Florence’s Duomo?

A

The Sacrifice of Isaac

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37
Q

who produced the winning design for the dome of Florence Cathedral?

A

Filippo Brunelleschi

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38
Q

when composing the Nuper Rosarium Flores, a motet reflecting “ideal proportions,” Guillaume Dufay had what in mind?

A

the Temple of Solomon

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39
Q

Brunelleschi’s investigation of optics in Arab Science also contributed to his understanding, particularly Alhazen’s Perspectiva, which integrated the classical works of which three people?

A

Euclid, Ptolemy, and Galen

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40
Q

In Masaccio’s “The Tribute Money” the Apostle Peter appears how many times?

A

3

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41
Q

In Masaccio’s “The Tribute Money” the Apostle Peter appears in what illustrated scenes?

A

Christ tells Peter to catch a fish
Peter catching a fish in the Sea of Galilee
Peter paying the tax collector

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42
Q

The Medici Family supported the rebuilding of the old monastery of San Marco for the Dominican Order, the sections added were what five things?

A

library, cloister, chapter room, bell tower, and alter piece

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43
Q

Marsillio Ficino is credited with having coined the term “____ ____”

A

Platonic love

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44
Q

Heinnch Issac, humanist composer of Lorenzo Medici, taught music to Lorenzo’s sons, served as organist and choirmaster at Florence Cathedral and before he knew it, found himself doing what?

A

collaborating with Lorenzo writing songs for popular festivals

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45
Q

Pico dell Mirandola is the author of ____ ____ ___ ___ __ ___ which is considered one of the greatest manifestos of humanism?

A

Oration on the Dignity of Man

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46
Q

Federigo de Montefeltro financed his lifestyle as a ____ ___ who was a valuable and highly paid ally to whoever could afford both him and his army?

A

mercenary soldier

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47
Q

The ____ ___ _____ by Baldassare Castiglione recounts conversations and debates among humanists in the Manifesto court

A

Book of Courtier

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48
Q

Leonardo da Vinci’s ____ _____ ____ is located on the north wall of the refectory of the Dominican monastery of Santa Maria delle Grazie

A

The Last Supper

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49
Q

What is Pope Martin V credited with doing, which became something of a papal duty to restore the city to its former greatness?

A

bringing the papacy back to Rome

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50
Q

After becoming Pope, Julius II commissioned architect ______ ______ to renovate the Vatican Palace and to serve as chief architect to replace St. Peter’s Basilica with a new church.

A

Donato Barmante

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51
Q

Even though it is located in Rome, what is associated with the nation of Spain?

A

San Pietro in Montorio

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52
Q

The Tempietto was designed by who?

A

Bramante

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53
Q

where was the Tempietto built?

A

on the site of St. Peter’s martyrdom

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54
Q

the characteristics that contributed to the making of the Tempietto are:

A

it’s classical reference
it’s incorporation of original classical Roman columns
the mathematical orderliness of its parts

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55
Q

to finance the construction of the new St. Peter’s Basilica, Pope Julius II did what?

A

sold indulgences

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56
Q

Martin Luther launched what in Germany in protest against the sale of indulgences?

A

Protestant Reformation

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57
Q

In the city of Florence, Girolamo Savonarole organized ___ ____ ___ to collect the cities “vanities” which were burned in giant bonfires.

A

troops of children

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58
Q

the city of Florence commissioned Michelangelo to create what using a huge, cracked block of marble?

A

a freestanding statue of David

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59
Q

throughout the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, Michelangelo includes the Della Rovene heraldic symbols of ____ and ____ to symbolize the patronage of Pope Julius II

A

oak and acorn

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60
Q

Pope Julius II hired who to paint his private rooms in the Vatican Palace?

A

Raphael

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61
Q

who are the central figures in Raphael’s School of Athens?

A

Aristotle and Plato

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62
Q

Pope Sixtus IV is credited with what?

A

establishing the Sistine Chapel choir

63
Q

who composed the Pange lingua mass?

A

Josquin des Prez

64
Q

the author of “The Prince” was who?

A

Niccolo Machiavelli

65
Q

in what book does Machiavelli write that the prince’s chief preoccupation and primary duty was to wage wars?

A

The Prince

66
Q

Machiavelli argues that The Prince, once engaged in war, has three alternatives for controlling a state once he has conquered it, what are these three things?

A

he can devastate it
live in it
allow it to keep its own laws

67
Q

what is the symbol of the Venetian Republic?

A

lion

68
Q

who forced the local population on the Po Rive Delta to flee the swampy lagoon islands that would later become the city of Venice?

A

the Lombard’s

69
Q

Venice considered itself blessed by St. Mark, whose relics reside in what?

A

the cathedral of St. Mark’s

70
Q

what family is associated with Venice’s Ca’D’Oro?

A

Contarini

71
Q

According to Vasari, who did not make preliminary drawings for his paintings?

A

Giorgione

72
Q

the painting, ______ ____, includes a fully clothed nobleman playing a lute while a nude woman plays a flute

A

Pastoral Concert

73
Q

The painting, ____ ____ ____, includes a dog sleeping on white sheets

A

Venus of Urbino

74
Q

who was the first professional woman composer to see own compositions in print?

A

Madalena Casulana

75
Q

Ferrar house the “____ _____ ____” which attracted many of the most prominent madrigal composers of the day

A

Ensemble of Ladies

76
Q

Adrian Willaert served as a choirmaster where?

A

St. Mark’s in Venice

77
Q

who set to music in the madrigals of New Music the Sonnets of Petrarch?

A

Adrian Wellaert

78
Q

what is also known as “virtuoso prelude” designed to feature both the range of the organ and the dexterity of the organist?

A

toccata

79
Q

who was a careful student of Vitruvius, sharing an interest with Leonardo?

A

Palladio

80
Q

what served as the model for central dome of Palladio’s La Rotunda?

A

the Pantheon in Rome

81
Q

what encompassed modern Holland, Belgium, and Luxenbourg?

A

Flanders

82
Q

who compared the population of Bruges to the people of the Golden Age Athens?

A

Desiderius Erasmus

83
Q

Many scholars consider ____ ___ the Master of Felmalle and therefore, the creator of Merode Altarpiece

A

Robert Campin

84
Q

the ____ ____ is a three-part work, or triptych

A

Merode Altarpiece

85
Q

The Merode Altarpiece’s patrons are depticted in the _____ panel

A

left

86
Q

what is depicted in the central panel of the Merode Altarpiece?

A

the Annunciation

87
Q

the reflection of ___ ____ ____, the artists, can be seen in the mirror at the back of the room depicted in the double portrait f Giovanni Arnolfini and Giovanni Cenami

A

Jan Van Eyck

88
Q

Hieronymus Bosch created the _____ ____ ____ ____

A

Garden of Earthly Delights

89
Q

The ____ _____ was created by Matthias Grunewald

A

Isenheim Altarpiece

90
Q

The ____ ____ was commissioned for Abbey’s hospital?

A

Isenheim Altarpiece

91
Q

Albrecht Druer’s “The Large Turf” depicts what?

A

the minutest details of nature

92
Q

Desiderius Erasmus is the author of what?

A

In Praise of Folly

93
Q

Erasmus was one of ____ teachers and wrote the Praise of Folly?

A

Luther

94
Q

In direct conflict with the established Church of Rome, Martin Luther supported the salvation by _____ rather than by ____

A

faith; works

95
Q

who was chosen as people’s priest of the Zunch’s Great Minister Church and led the Protestants against the Catholics in Switzerland?

A

Ulrich Zwingli

96
Q

who proposed the concept of the Elect and the Damned in Institutes of the Christian Religion

A

John Calvin

97
Q

According to the author, what probably contributed the most to the spread of Luther’s ideas?

A

the printing press

98
Q

Who translated the Bible into English?

A

William Tyndale

99
Q

what is among the hymns that Martin Luther composed?

A

“A mighty fortress is our God”

100
Q

who is the author of Utopia?

A

Thomas More

101
Q

The specific virtues among those most esteemed by all in Utopia are:

A

equality
kindness
charity

102
Q

Thomas More became what to King Henry VIII in 1529?

A

Lord Chancellor

103
Q

Michel de Montaigne invented a new style of writing known as the what?

A

personal essay

104
Q

who is considered among the greatest playwrights during the Elizabethan Era?

A

William Shakespeare

105
Q

what was the standard price of admission for all London theaters during the time of Richard Burbage?

A

one penny

106
Q

what theater was most closely associated with Lord Chamberlain’s players and with William Shakespeare?

A

The Globe

107
Q

which of Shakespeare’s plays is considered a “revenge play”

A

Hamlet

108
Q

who painted a portrait of England’s King Henry VIII dressed in the clothes he wore when he married Anne of Cleves?

A

Hans Holbein the Younger

109
Q

the Jesuits advocated a return to strict and uncompromising obedience to what?

A

the authority of the Church and its ecclesiastical hierarchy

110
Q

the Council of Trent concluded that the arts should be directed toward three specific areas:

A

clarity
realism
emotion

111
Q

who served as a choirmaster at the Capella Giulia in the Vatican and composed the Mass for Pope Marcellus?

A

Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestnna

112
Q

the term _____ was assigned to those who painted draperies over the “offensive” areas of the nude figures in Michelangelo’s “Last Judgement”

A

braghettoni

113
Q

who created Jupiter and Io as part of the set of paintings commissioned by Federico Gonzaga of Mantua

A

Correggio

114
Q

Jupiter appears to Io in the painting commissioned by Federico Gonzaga of Mantua as a what?

A

a cloud

115
Q

Teresa of Avila wrote ___ ___ ___ ______, which describes the ascent of the soul to union with the Holy Spirit

A

The Way to Perfection

116
Q

who painted the “Resurrection”, which includes distinct mannerist qualities and is decorous to the extent that draperies carefully cover all inappropriate nudity?

A

El Greco

117
Q

the characteristics mentioned as “innovative” qualities of “Don Quixote:”

A

-using everyday speech in dialogue
-creating vivid and complex portraits of the main and subordinate characters
-presenting the narrative in a solemn style free form affectation
-in delicate juxtaposition with the comic scenes

118
Q

As the author of Spiritual Exercises, who called on the Jesuits to develop all of their senses?

A

Ignatius of Loyola

119
Q

who is the author of Spiritual Exercises?

A

Ignatius of Loyola

120
Q

Bernini completed the ____ ____ for the Corraro Chapel in the church of Santa Maria dell Vittoria in Rome

A

sculptural program

121
Q

Michelangelo Merisi (Caravagio) painted ____ _____ ____ ____ ___ for the Contarelli Chapel in the church of San Luigi dei Francesi in Rome

A

The Calling of Saint Matthew

122
Q

In Caravaggio’s “The Calling of Saint Matthew,” who is standing beside Christ?

A

Saint Peter

123
Q

Artemisia Genrileschi painted how many separate versions of the biblical story of Judith and Holofernes and was admitted to the Florentine Academy of Design

A

5

124
Q

Artemisia Genrileschi, in addition to Judith, she dramatized the stories of what 7 other women?

A

Susannah, Bathsheba, Lucretia, Cleopatra, Esther, Diana and Potiphar

125
Q

In the 17th century, Venice became the center of what 2 things in Europe?

A

musical innovation and practice

126
Q

who is considered the first composer to specify dynamics by indicating piano as “soft” and forte as “loud”

A

Giovanni Gabrieli

127
Q

Venice was so popular that composers from across Europe came to study music thus making what language the international language of music?

A

Italian

128
Q

Orfeo required an orchestra of 3 dozen instruments- including:

A

ten violas, three trombones, and four trumpets

129
Q

Antonio Vivaldi is known for creating the….?

A

the concertos

130
Q

Antonio Vivaldi composed ___ ___ ____

A

The Four Seasons

131
Q

the View Haarlem from the Dunes of Overveen is considered what type of painting?

A

landscaping

132
Q

Jan Steen was particularly successful with genre scenes, including “____ ____ ___”

A

The Dancing Couple

133
Q

Johann Sebastian Bach composed the series of instrumental works known as the ____ ______

A

Brandenburg concertos

134
Q

Louis XIV known as the “___ ____”

A

Sun King

135
Q

Among the French during the 17th century, architecture was designed to convey what?

A

the absolute power of the monarchy

136
Q

____ ___ ____ served as chief painter to Louis XIV and directed the team of artists who decorated the interior of the Palace of Versailles

A

Charles le Brun

137
Q

_____ ___ _____ was the landscape architect charge of the grounds at the Palace of Versailles

A

Andre le Notre

138
Q

who painted “The Arrival and Reception of Marie de Medici at Marseilles”

A

Peter Paul Rubens

139
Q

Louis XIV and Armand-Jean du Pieissi wagered the painting collections of Poussin and Rubens over what?

A

a tennis match

140
Q

Nicholas Poussin painted ______ _____

A

Arcadian Shepherds

141
Q

who served as the head of the Royal Academy of Music and created a new operatic genre known as tragedie en musique?

A

Jean-Baptiste Lully

142
Q

A ______ refers to a very lively dance, fast in tempo, and usually employing a 6/8 meter?

A

gigue

143
Q

heels touching, feet forming a straight line

A

first position

144
Q

heels wide apart, feet forming a straight line

A

second position

145
Q

one foot in front of the other against the instep

A

third position

146
Q

feet apart, one in front of the other, heels in line

A

fourth position

147
Q

one foot in front of the other with the heel against the point of the big toe

A

fifth position

148
Q

______ refers to a slow and stately dance, with the accent on the 2nd beat, in triple meter

A

Sarabande

149
Q

_____ refers to an elegant triple-time dance of moderate tempo, a dance form that quickly became the most popular of the age

A

Minuet

150
Q

who is the author of “Tartuffe” and was in disfavor with many in the French Court because he permitted few people to escape his ridicule?

A

Molliere

151
Q

who lost the throne during the Glorious Revolution of 1688?

A

James II

152
Q

who created La Meninas and became the only artist permitted to paint Spain’s King Philip IV?

A

Diego Velaquez

153
Q

who created “Our Lady of the Victory of Malaga,” which employs a brocateado, a technique extremely popular among the Cuzco painters

A

Luis Nino

154
Q
A

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