Ch. 8 -- Photosynthesis Flashcards
The compound used by cells to store and release energy in order for the cells to do mechanical functions
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
ATP consists of what 3 things?
an adenine
a 5 sugar called ribose
3 phosphate groups
What happens to the bonds between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate groups - creating ATP?
the bonds are broken
Biochemical Energy powers movements through providing power to what?
muscles and other structures
ATP is a great way of transferring energy but it’s not good at what?
storing large amounts of energy over long periods of time
How do Heterotrophs obtain energy to make ATP?
these organisms obtain food by consuming other living things
How do Autotrophs obtain energy to make ATP?
these organisms are capable of making their own food
Nearly all food in all food molecules comes from what?
the sun made by plants, algae, and bacteria
Autotrophs use the energy of sunlight to do what?
produce high energy carbohydrates - sugars and starches - that can be used as food
what are photosynthetic pigments?
light absorbing molecules
where are chlorophyll pigments? (see chloroplast figure on figure sheet (figure 4))
thylakoid membranes
What does chlorophyll do?
it absorbs light energy causing the electrons to become energized
a compound that can accept a pair of high energy electrons and transfer them, along with most of their energy to another molecule
Electron Carrier (NADP+)
What can NADP+ do?
accepts and holds 2 high energy electrons along with a hydrogen ion
When NADP+ accepts and holds 2 high energy electrons along with a hydrogen ion, it turn NADP+ into NADPH trapping what?
trapping some of the energy of sunlight into chemical form
What does photosynthesis do?
uses the energy of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into high energy 6 carbon sugars and oxygen
what are the reactants of photosynthesis?
water and carbon dioxide
what are the products of photosynthesis?
sugars and oxygen
What are the products of Light Dependent Reaction?
Oxygen, ATP, NADPH
what are the products of Light Independent Reaction?
glucose, NADP+, ADP+ (p)
where does light dependent reaction take place?
thylakoid membranes
what is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?
6CO(2) + 6H(2)O —> C(6)H(12)O(6) + 6O(2)
Write the balanced photosynthetic equation in words:
The photosynthetic equation is six carbon molecules reacting with six water molecules using the sun’s energy in the presence of chlorophyll to produce one molecule of glucose and six molecules of oxygen
LDR uses energy from sunlight to produce oxygen and convert ADP and NADP+ into what?
the energy carriers ATP and NADPH
what is Photosystem II?
clusters of chlorophyll and proteins in the thylakoid membranes
movement of the H+ ions across the membrane causes the ATP synthase to spin and bind a phosphate group to ADP to create ATP
Chemiosmosis
LIR uses ATP and NADPH from LDR to create what and where?
high energy sugars in the stroma of the chloroplasts
ATP and NADPH from LDR being used to create high energy sugars in the stroma of the chloroplasts is also known as what?
The Calvin Cycle
