Medications pg 758--780 Flashcards
What are the advantages of oral meds
safe
most convenient
What are the disadvantages of oral meds
unpleasant taste
inappropriate for clients with N/V or dysphagia
may damage teeth
What are the advantages of sublingual meds
same as oral but its more potent and it can be used for a local effect
What are the disadvantages of sublingual
if accidentally swallow, it may be inactivated by stomach
can cause irritation to the mucous membranes
What are the advantages of buccal
same as sublingual
What are the disadvantages of buccal
same as sublingual
What are the advantages of rectal
can be used when the drug has a bad taste
the drug has a slow steady release
can provide local effects
What are the disadvantages of rectal
the amount of the drug absorbed in unpredictable
unpleasant for clients
What are the advantages of vaginal
has local effect
What are the disadvantages of vaginal
its messy
What are the advantages of topical
few side effects
What are the disadvantages of topical
can enter the body if their is a break in the skin and cause systemic effects
leaves residue on the skin
What are the advantages of transdermal
long systemic effects
few side effects
What are the disadvantages of transdermal
rate of delivery is variable
overdosing can happen if the old patch isn’t removed
What are the advvantages of subcutaneous
absorption is slower
What are the disadvantages of subcutaneous
needs to be sterile because it breaks the skin barrier
can only administer small volumes
can produce anxiety
What are some advantages of intramuscular
rapidly absorbed
can administer more than subQ
What are some disadvantages of intramuscular
breaks skin barrier
can cause anxiety
What are some advantages of intradermal
absorption is slow
What are some disadvantages of intradermal
can only administer small volumes
breaks skin barrier
What are some advantages of IV
rapid effect
What are some disadvantages of IV
the drugs need to mostly be highly soluble
the drugs distribution is inhibited by poor circulation
what are some advantages of inhalation
rapid localzed effect
can be administered to unconscious patients
What are some disadvantages of inhalation
drugs that are intended for local effect can have systemic effects
only for the respiratory system
Which drugs are considered parenteral route
subQ
IV
IM
Intradermal
What is a stat order
the med should be given immediately and only once
What is a single order
meds given once at a specific time
What is a standing order
an order that may or may not have a termination date
What is a prn order
med is given when it is needed
What are the unacceptable of abbreviations
For this card the words on the right of the dash are the correct ways to document it
IU- international units U or u - unit QD or qd - daily QOD or qod - every other day Trailing zeros Lack of a leading zero MS - morphine sulfate MSO4 or MgSO4- magnesium sulfate greater than less than @- at cc- ml ug- mcg or micrograms TIW- three time a week HS- at bedtime SC or SQ- subq or subcutaneous
What are the essential parts of a drug order
full name of the client date and time the order was written name of the drug to be administered dosage of the drug frequency of administration route of administration signature of the person who wrote the order
What are the steps the nurse should take when judging a primary care providers med order as innappropriate
contact the PCP and tell them your rationale for believing its inappropriate
Document the following: when the provider was notified, what you said to them, and how they responded
if PCP cant be reached, document all attempts to reach them and reason for withholding the med
if someone else gives med, document information of the client before and after admin
1 oz is how many mL
30
1 kg is how many lbs
2.2kg
What are some physiological changes that are associated with aging that influence medication administration and effectiveness
Altered memory
Slower GI absorption
Decreased renal and liver function
decreased visual acuity
What are some developmental considerations for drug administration for infants and children
they may view it as scary or they may dislike the taste of the med
What are some developmental considerations for adults and elderly
Altered memory
Slower GI absorption
Decreased renal and liver function
decreased visual acuity
What are some lifespan considerations for infants for oral medications
can be administered with a syringe, cup, spoon, medication nipple, and mixed into food
never mix into essential foods
Why should you never mix oral medications with the essential foods for infants
they may associate bad memories with that food and avoid it later in life
What are some lifespan considerations for children for oral medications
mix meds with sweetened substances when possible
give them a choice between spoon, dropper, or syringe
dont use essential foods
What are some lifespan considerations for older adults for oral medications
consider physiological changes
they usually require smaller doses
dont use baby talk
What are two things that the client can have for administering medication when they are NPO
nasogastric tube
gastrostomy tube
What are some practice guidelines for administering drugs by nasogastric or gastrostomy tubes
if meds arent liquid see if they can be crushed
if they can, crush into a fine powder and dissolve in at least 30 mL of warm sterile water
assess tube placement before administering
before giving meds, measure clients residual volume and check hospital policy if it is over 100mL
Flush the tube with 15-30mL of sterile water before administering the medications
What are the three parts of a syringe
tip
barrel
plunger
A hypodermic syringe comes in what size
3 or 5 mL
