Fecal Elimination Flashcards
What type of stool do newborns produce?
Meconium- first fecal material normally up to 24 hours after birth; Black, tarry, Odorless, and Sticky
What does clay or white colored feces indicate?
- Black or Tarry
- Red
- Pale
- Orange or Green
- Absence of bile pigment (bile obstruction)
- Drug
- Blood
- Malabsorption of fats
- Intestinal Infection
What is necessary in a diet to provide fecal volume?
Cellulose and Insoluble Fibers
What is Oliguria?
Urination less than 500mL/day or 30mL/hour
What is Diresis?
Excessive Urination
What is Polydipsia?
Abnormally increased thirst and increased urination
What is Anuria?
Nonpassage of urine, defined as less than 100mL/day
What is Frequency?
What is Urgency?
- Need to urinate more often than usual
- Sudden or compelling urge to urinate
What is Dysuria?
Difficulty to urinate; can be painful
What is Enuresis?
Involuntary Discharge of Urine (Incontinence of Urine)
What are the different types of incontinence and what causes urination in each one?
Stress: cough/laugh/sneeze
Urge: urgent need, unable to stop
Mixed Urge: Urge + Stress
Overflow: Prostate, Neurogenic Bladder
How can regular activity effect bowel movements?
Stimulates Peristalsis
What psychological factors can effect BMs?
Anger, Anxiousness, and Depression can slow intestinal motility and decrease BM
What is fecal impaction?
Mass or collection of Hardened Feces in the folds of the rectum, results from prolonged retention
What will a patient with fecal impaction experience?
Fecal Seepage (Diarrhea) and no normal stool
What is the difference between partial and major bowel/fecal incontinence?
Partial bowel incontinence is the inability to control flatus or to prevent minor soiling
Major bowel incontinence is the inability to control feces of normal consistency.
What things can you do to treat diarrhea?
- Bland food
- Eating small amounts because it’s absorbed easier
- Avoid Hot and Cold Fluids because they stimulate Peristalsis
- Avoid Highly Spiced and High in Fiber Foods
What things can you do to treat Constipation?
- Increased daily fluid intake
- Drink hot liquids, warm water with lemon, and prune juice
- Includes fiber in diet in foods such as raw fruit, bran products, and whole grain cereals and bread
What are cathartics?
Drugs that induce defecation?
What is one reason you wouldn’t give anti-diarrheal medication to a patient?
Don’t give the patient anti-diarrheal medication if they have a bacterial or viral infection, because that’ll make you hold the virus or bacteria inside the gut
What are some complications when using antidiarrheal medicine?
- Long term use can produce dependence
- If the diarrhea persists more than 3-4 days you must treat the underlying cause or else it’d prolong it
- Can cause drowsiness so don’t operate heavy machinery
- Pepto-Bismol may contain asprin and should not be given to children and teenagers with viral infections
What do antidiarrheal medications do?
Slows the motility of the intestine or absorb excess fluid in the intestine
What is an enema and what does it do?
An enema is a solution introduced into the rectum used to distend the intestine to increase peristalsis and and excretion of feces
What are cleansing enemas and what are some of the reasons they are used for?
Used to remove feces
- prevent the escape of feces during surgery
- Prepare the intestine for certain diagnositc tests
- Remove feces in instances of constipation of impaction
Why are Carminative Enemas and Return-Flow Enemas given?
Given primarily to expel flatus
Why are Retention Enemas given?
Introduces oil or medication into the rectum and sigmoid colon to lubricate the rectum to help the passage of the feces
What is Digital Removal (Disimpaction)? What should be done to prepare beforehand and what should be done afterwards?
Involves breaking up the fecal mass digitally and removing it in portions
- Oil Retention Enemas should be given 30 minutes Digital Removal
- Remove remaining feces with a cleansing enema or suppository afterwards
What can you do for clients who have chronic constipation, frequent impactions, or fecal intcontinence? What are some of the factors involved?
Bowel Training Program
- food and fluid intake
- exercise
- defecation habits
What are Fecal Incontinence Pouch? What is it’s purpose?
- They collect and contain lrge volumes of liquid feces and is placed around the anal area.
- Prevent progressive perianal skin irritation and breakdown
