Body mechanics and mobility Flashcards
Normal movement and stability are a result of
an intact musculoskeletal sys, NS, and inner ear structures
Body movement has 4 elements such as
body alignment (posture)
joint mobility
balance
coordinated movement
What is the point of alignment and posture
to bring the body part into a position optimal for balance and body function
A person will maintain balance as long as the
line of gravity passes through the center of gravity and base of support
What is benefited when the body is aligned
decreased strain on the joints, tendons, muscles, and ligaments
support for internal body structures and organs
Will the center of gravity always be in the same area
no, it tends to shift with age
What affect ROM
genetic makeup
developmental pattern s
disease or illness
amount of physical activity
What is active ROM
Movement that the patient is able to do by themselves
What is passive ROm
movement that requires assisstance
What are nurses focusing on with passive ROM
maintaining ROM not increasing it
What things provide the inputs necessary for maintaining balance
inner ear (labyrinth)
stretch receptors
vision
What can interfere with balance problems liek
inner ear infections
vision and stretch receptor probs
What area controls coordinated movement
cerebellum
What are the factors that affect body alignment and mobility
Growth and dev nutrition Values/attitudes external factors perscribed limitations
What are some examples of growth and dev factors
very young
old
trauma
congenital
What are some examples of things that can affect mobility relating to age and dev
pregnancy
osteoporosis
How does the center of gravity in older patients shift
forward
What are some examples of nutrition problems that can affect mobility
poor diet causing bone damage
insufficient energy to move
excess energy with obesity
What are some other reasons obesity might affect moblility
stress on the joints
distortion of movement
What does a nurse need to consider to make an individualized exercise prescription
motivation
med conditions
level of fitness
safety issues
What should individualized exercise prescriptions include
The FIT model
frewuency of the activity
intensity
time
What are some external factors that can affect mobility
cold weather
dark weather
safety like the part of town
What are some prescribed limitations that can affect mobility
bed rest
casting
The intensity of exercise can be measured in three ways
Target heart rate- 60-85% of maximum
Talk Test- labored breathing but able to hold a conversation (around 60% max HR)
Borg scale of perceived exertion- scaled 1-20 on the patient opinion of difficulty
Which areas benefit from exercise
Musculoskel Cardio Resp GI Urinaryr Metabolic/endo Immune Psychoneuro Cog Spiritual
how does exercise beny muscoloskel
increased joint flexibilty, stability, and ROM
decrease chance of falling
bone density
how does exercise beny cardio
prevents clots
increases CO
how does exercise beny resp
increased gas exchange
decreased risk for infection
how does exercise beny GI
promotes mobility
how does exercise beny Urinary
improves mus tone to get to the bathroom
increases efficiency
how does exercise beny Meta/endo
increases metabolic rate
decreases cholesterol and triGly levels
how does exercise beny immune
increases lymph movement
how does exercise beny Psychoneuro
decreases depression and stress
how does exercise beny cognitive
improves decision making, problem solving, and attention
how does exercise beny spiritual
increases endophins
What is done in the assessment phase of the nursing process for mobilty
body alignment gait appearance and movement of joints muscle mass and strength activty tolerance probs related to immobility physical fitness
How is alignment assessment done
examination of client standing up from the anterior, lateral, and posterior perspectives
What is examined in alignement assessment
normal dev of posture variation s
learning needs for good posture
Factors causing poor posture like fatigue, low self esteem, or pain
Muscle weakness
What is examined from the ant and post view during alignment assessment
level shoulders and hips
toes pointed forward
straight spine
Why is gait assessed
to determine the risk for falls
What are the two phases of gait
swing and stance
What is the nurse looking fo rwhile assessing gait
level chin heel strike before the toe opposite arm swing smoothness pace per min
What is assessed for appearance and movement of Joints
crepitation
Range of active or passive movement
mus dev and symetry
amount of assistance needed for things like movement in bed, rising from chairs coordination and balance
What data should be collected to analyze the activity tolerance of the patient
HR, contraction strength, and rythym
RR, depth, and BP
When should data for assessing activity tolerance be taken
before
during
immediately after
3 minutes after finishing
The activity is considered safe if
the HR returns to baseline in5 mins and the activity is handled well
What activities are done to assess the musculoskel
measure arm and leg circ
take goniometric measurements of joint ROM
What activities are done to assess the cardio
auscultate measure BP palpate peripheral pulses palp and obser sacrum, legs, and feet measure calf circ observe calfs for redness and swelling
What activities are done to assess the resp
observe chest expansion
auscultate
What activities are done to assess the Meta
palp skin
measure height and weight
What activities are done to assess the urinary
measure fluid intake and output
inspect urine
palp bladder
What activities are done to assess the GI
Observe stool
auscultate bowel sounds
What activities are done to assess the integumentary
inspect skin
What activities are done to assess the psychoneuro
observe behaviors, mood, and cog
