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Therapeutics > Body mechanics and mobility > Flashcards

Body mechanics and mobility Flashcards

1
Q

Normal movement and stability are a result of

A

an intact musculoskeletal sys, NS, and inner ear structures

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2
Q

Body movement has 4 elements such as

A

body alignment (posture)
joint mobility
balance
coordinated movement

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3
Q

What is the point of alignment and posture

A

to bring the body part into a position optimal for balance and body function

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4
Q

A person will maintain balance as long as the

A

line of gravity passes through the center of gravity and base of support

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5
Q

What is benefited when the body is aligned

A

decreased strain on the joints, tendons, muscles, and ligaments
support for internal body structures and organs

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6
Q

Will the center of gravity always be in the same area

A

no, it tends to shift with age

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7
Q

What affect ROM

A

genetic makeup
developmental pattern s
disease or illness
amount of physical activity

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8
Q

What is active ROM

A

Movement that the patient is able to do by themselves

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9
Q

What is passive ROm

A

movement that requires assisstance

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10
Q

What are nurses focusing on with passive ROM

A

maintaining ROM not increasing it

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11
Q

What things provide the inputs necessary for maintaining balance

A

inner ear (labyrinth)
stretch receptors
vision

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12
Q

What can interfere with balance problems liek

A

inner ear infections

vision and stretch receptor probs

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13
Q

What area controls coordinated movement

A

cerebellum

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14
Q

What are the factors that affect body alignment and mobility

A 
Growth and dev
nutrition
Values/attitudes
external factors 
perscribed limitations
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15
Q

What are some examples of growth and dev factors

A

very young
old
trauma
congenital

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16
Q

What are some examples of things that can affect mobility relating to age and dev

A

pregnancy

osteoporosis

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17
Q

How does the center of gravity in older patients shift

A

forward

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18
Q

What are some examples of nutrition problems that can affect mobility

A

poor diet causing bone damage
insufficient energy to move
excess energy with obesity

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19
Q

What are some other reasons obesity might affect moblility

A

stress on the joints

distortion of movement

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20
Q

What does a nurse need to consider to make an individualized exercise prescription

A

motivation
med conditions
level of fitness
safety issues

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21
Q

What should individualized exercise prescriptions include

A

The FIT model
frewuency of the activity
intensity
time

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22
Q

What are some external factors that can affect mobility

A

cold weather
dark weather
safety like the part of town

23
Q

What are some prescribed limitations that can affect mobility

A

bed rest

casting

24
Q

The intensity of exercise can be measured in three ways

A

Target heart rate- 60-85% of maximum
Talk Test- labored breathing but able to hold a conversation (around 60% max HR)
Borg scale of perceived exertion- scaled 1-20 on the patient opinion of difficulty

25
Q

Which areas benefit from exercise

A 
Musculoskel
Cardio
Resp
GI 
Urinaryr
Metabolic/endo
Immune 
Psychoneuro
Cog
Spiritual
26
Q

how does exercise beny muscoloskel

A

increased joint flexibilty, stability, and ROM
decrease chance of falling
bone density

27
Q

how does exercise beny cardio

A

prevents clots

increases CO

28
Q

how does exercise beny resp

A

increased gas exchange

decreased risk for infection

29
Q

how does exercise beny GI

A

promotes mobility

30
Q

how does exercise beny Urinary

A

improves mus tone to get to the bathroom

increases efficiency

31
Q

how does exercise beny Meta/endo

A

increases metabolic rate

decreases cholesterol and triGly levels

32
Q

how does exercise beny immune

A

increases lymph movement

33
Q

how does exercise beny Psychoneuro

A

decreases depression and stress

34
Q

how does exercise beny cognitive

A

improves decision making, problem solving, and attention

35
Q

how does exercise beny spiritual

A

increases endophins

36
Q

What is done in the assessment phase of the nursing process for mobilty

A 
body alignment 
gait 
appearance and movement of joints
muscle mass and strength 
activty tolerance 
probs related to immobility 
physical fitness
37
Q

How is alignment assessment done

A

examination of client standing up from the anterior, lateral, and posterior perspectives

38
Q

What is examined in alignement assessment

A

normal dev of posture variation s
learning needs for good posture
Factors causing poor posture like fatigue, low self esteem, or pain
Muscle weakness

39
Q

What is examined from the ant and post view during alignment assessment

A

level shoulders and hips
toes pointed forward
straight spine

40
Q

Why is gait assessed

A

to determine the risk for falls

41
Q

What are the two phases of gait

A

swing and stance

42
Q

What is the nurse looking fo rwhile assessing gait

A 
level chin 
heel strike before the toe
opposite arm swing
smoothness
pace per min
43
Q

What is assessed for appearance and movement of Joints

A

crepitation
Range of active or passive movement
mus dev and symetry
amount of assistance needed for things like movement in bed, rising from chairs coordination and balance

44
Q

What data should be collected to analyze the activity tolerance of the patient

A

HR, contraction strength, and rythym

RR, depth, and BP

45
Q

When should data for assessing activity tolerance be taken

A

before
during
immediately after
3 minutes after finishing

46
Q

The activity is considered safe if

A

the HR returns to baseline in5 mins and the activity is handled well

47
Q

What activities are done to assess the musculoskel

A

measure arm and leg circ

take goniometric measurements of joint ROM

48
Q

What activities are done to assess the cardio

A 
auscultate
measure BP
palpate peripheral pulses 
palp and obser sacrum, legs, and feet
measure calf circ 
observe calfs for redness and swelling
49
Q

What activities are done to assess the resp

A

observe chest expansion

auscultate

50
Q

What activities are done to assess the Meta

A

palp skin

measure height and weight

51
Q

What activities are done to assess the urinary

A

measure fluid intake and output
inspect urine
palp bladder

52
Q

What activities are done to assess the GI

A

Observe stool

auscultate bowel sounds

53
Q

What activities are done to assess the integumentary

A

inspect skin

54
Q

What activities are done to assess the psychoneuro

A

observe behaviors, mood, and cog

Therapeutics (41 decks)

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