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Body mechanics and mobility Flashcards

1
Q

Normal movement and stability are a result of

A

an intact musculoskeletal sys, NS, and inner ear structures

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2
Q

Body movement has 4 elements such as

A

body alignment (posture)
joint mobility
balance
coordinated movement

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3
Q

What is the point of alignment and posture

A

to bring the body part into a position optimal for balance and body function

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4
Q

A person will maintain balance as long as the

A

line of gravity passes through the center of gravity and base of support

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5
Q

What is benefited when the body is aligned

A

decreased strain on the joints, tendons, muscles, and ligaments
support for internal body structures and organs

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6
Q

Will the center of gravity always be in the same area

A

no, it tends to shift with age

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7
Q

What affect ROM

A

genetic makeup
developmental pattern s
disease or illness
amount of physical activity

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8
Q

What is active ROM

A

Movement that the patient is able to do by themselves

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9
Q

What is passive ROm

A

movement that requires assisstance

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10
Q

What are nurses focusing on with passive ROM

A

maintaining ROM not increasing it

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11
Q

What things provide the inputs necessary for maintaining balance

A

inner ear (labyrinth)
stretch receptors
vision

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12
Q

What can interfere with balance problems liek

A

inner ear infections

vision and stretch receptor probs

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13
Q

What area controls coordinated movement

A

cerebellum

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14
Q

What are the factors that affect body alignment and mobility

A 
Growth and dev
nutrition
Values/attitudes
external factors 
perscribed limitations
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15
Q

What are some examples of growth and dev factors

A

very young
old
trauma
congenital

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16
Q

What are some examples of things that can affect mobility relating to age and dev

A

pregnancy

osteoporosis

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17
Q

How does the center of gravity in older patients shift

A

forward

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18
Q

What are some examples of nutrition problems that can affect mobility

A

poor diet causing bone damage
insufficient energy to move
excess energy with obesity

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19
Q

What are some other reasons obesity might affect moblility

A

stress on the joints

distortion of movement

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20
Q

What does a nurse need to consider to make an individualized exercise prescription

A

motivation
med conditions
level of fitness
safety issues

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21
Q

What should individualized exercise prescriptions include

A

The FIT model
frewuency of the activity
intensity
time

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22
Q

What are some external factors that can affect mobility

A

cold weather
dark weather
safety like the part of town

23
Q

What are some prescribed limitations that can affect mobility

A

bed rest

casting

24
Q

The intensity of exercise can be measured in three ways

A

Target heart rate- 60-85% of maximum
Talk Test- labored breathing but able to hold a conversation (around 60% max HR)
Borg scale of perceived exertion- scaled 1-20 on the patient opinion of difficulty

25
Which areas benefit from exercise
``` Musculoskel Cardio Resp GI Urinaryr Metabolic/endo Immune Psychoneuro Cog Spiritual ```
26
how does exercise beny muscoloskel
increased joint flexibilty, stability, and ROM decrease chance of falling bone density
27
how does exercise beny cardio
prevents clots | increases CO
28
how does exercise beny resp
increased gas exchange | decreased risk for infection
29
how does exercise beny GI
promotes mobility
30
how does exercise beny Urinary
improves mus tone to get to the bathroom | increases efficiency
31
how does exercise beny Meta/endo
increases metabolic rate | decreases cholesterol and triGly levels
32
how does exercise beny immune
increases lymph movement
33
how does exercise beny Psychoneuro
decreases depression and stress
34
how does exercise beny cognitive
improves decision making, problem solving, and attention
35
how does exercise beny spiritual
increases endophins
36
What is done in the assessment phase of the nursing process for mobilty
``` body alignment gait appearance and movement of joints muscle mass and strength activty tolerance probs related to immobility physical fitness ```
37
How is alignment assessment done
examination of client standing up from the anterior, lateral, and posterior perspectives
38
What is examined in alignement assessment
normal dev of posture variation s learning needs for good posture Factors causing poor posture like fatigue, low self esteem, or pain Muscle weakness
39
What is examined from the ant and post view during alignment assessment
level shoulders and hips toes pointed forward straight spine
40
Why is gait assessed
to determine the risk for falls
41
What are the two phases of gait
swing and stance
42
What is the nurse looking fo rwhile assessing gait
``` level chin heel strike before the toe opposite arm swing smoothness pace per min ```
43
What is assessed for appearance and movement of Joints
crepitation Range of active or passive movement mus dev and symetry amount of assistance needed for things like movement in bed, rising from chairs coordination and balance
44
What data should be collected to analyze the activity tolerance of the patient
HR, contraction strength, and rythym | RR, depth, and BP
45
When should data for assessing activity tolerance be taken
before during immediately after 3 minutes after finishing
46
The activity is considered safe if
the HR returns to baseline in5 mins and the activity is handled well
47
What activities are done to assess the musculoskel
measure arm and leg circ | take goniometric measurements of joint ROM
48
What activities are done to assess the cardio
``` auscultate measure BP palpate peripheral pulses palp and obser sacrum, legs, and feet measure calf circ observe calfs for redness and swelling ```
49
What activities are done to assess the resp
observe chest expansion | auscultate
50
What activities are done to assess the Meta
palp skin | measure height and weight
51
What activities are done to assess the urinary
measure fluid intake and output inspect urine palp bladder
52
What activities are done to assess the GI
Observe stool | auscultate bowel sounds
53
What activities are done to assess the integumentary
inspect skin
54
What activities are done to assess the psychoneuro
observe behaviors, mood, and cog

Therapeutics (41 decks)

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