IVs Flashcards
What are some examples of large volumes of fluids?
Big IV Bags
Albumin
What is one danger of infusing large volumes of fluid?
Hypervolemia
What are two types of intermittent IV infusions?
Piggyback- second container is attached to the primary (upper)port of the first container used solely for intermittent infusions; piggyback IV flows second
Tandem- second container is attached to the secondary (lower) port of the first container where fluid is administered intermittently or simultaneously
What is a Volume Control Infusion Set?
Small fluid containers attached below the primary infusion containers so that the medication is administered through the client’s IV line.
What is an intravenous push and what is it also called?
AKA Bolus- intravenous administration of an undiluted drug directly into the systemic circulation.
Why is an intravenous push used?
- When a medication can’t be Diluted or in an Emergency
- Medication takes effect immediately
What are two major disadvantages to IV Push administration?
- Any error in adminstration cannot be corrected after the drug has entered the client
- The drug may be irritating to the lining of the blood vessels
What are the size of volume control infusion sets?
100 - 150 mL
How do you use an intermittent infusion device?
Attached to an intravenous catheter or needle to allow medication administer without requiring a continuous intravenous infusion
Name one drug that is only given in the hospital through a continuous low volume infusion
Propofol
What can you use to treat clotting disorders?
Platelets Bag
CRYO Bag
What can help introduce clotting factors and you don’t need to worry about blood type?
Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP)
What is similar between infiltration and extravasation?
Describes IV solution leaks into the tissue or skin around the IV insertion site.
What is the difference between infiltration and extravasation?
Infiltration DOESN’T usually cause harm, but the solution may cause redness, swelling, and discomfort around the site.
Extravasation can cause damage to the tissues and painful ulcers or sores.
What are signs and symptoms of Infiltration?
- Coolness of skin around the site
- Skin blanching
- Edema
- Leakage at insertion site
- Absence of or “pinkish” blood return
- Difference in size of opposite hand or arm
What are signs and symptoms of Extravasation?
- Same as Infiltration
- Also includes burning, stinging pain
- Also includes Blistering, Tissue Necrosis, and Ulceration
What is Phlebitis?
Inflammation of the vein
What are signs and symptoms of phlebitis?
- Redness at the site
- Skin warm
- Swelling
- Palpable cord along the vein
- Increased in temperature
What is a blood transfusion and what is the benefit of it?
Introduces whole blood or blood components into venous circulation. Effective in restoring intravascular (blood) volume
Which type of blood is considered a universal donor?
Type O
What type of blood is considered a universal receiver?
Type AB
What is the Rhesus (Rh) Factor?
Antigen is present on most RBCs.
Rh factor present = Rh Positive
Rh factor not present = Rh Negative
What is a Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction?
The transfusion of ABO- or Rh- incompatible blood that can cause destruction of the transfused RBCs and subsequent risk of kidney damage or failure
What are agglutinogens?
Give an example
Antigens on red blood cells that promote the clumping of blood cells.
What are agglutinins?
Give an example.
- React against the agglutinogens on the cells of other blood groups.
- Group A has agglutinogen A on its cells and agglutinin anti-B (which reacts with any blood group that has agglutinogen B) in its plasma
How do you avoid hemolytic transfusion reaction? What is this process called?
Blood from the donor and from the recipient is tested for compatibility. Type or Crossmatch.
What amount of time does it take for a bad transfusion is evident?
5-15 minutes
- Make sure to stay with the client for this time
What do you do when a bad transfusion occurs?
Hydrate the client with normal saline and notify the primary care provider. Continue to monitor vital signs
What are signs and symptoms of hemolytic reaction in blood transfusion?
- Fever or Chills
- Flank Pain
- Reddish or Brown Urine
- Tachcardia
- Hypotension
What are signs and symptoms of febrile reaction in blood transfusion?
- Fever
- Warm, Flushed Skin
- HA
- Anxiety
- Nausea
What are signs and symptoms for Circulatory Overload in blood transfusion?
- Dyspnea and Orthopnea
- Hypotention
- Crackles (rales)
- Tachycardia
- Hypertension
What are signs and symptoms of Allergic Reaction?
- Flushing
- Urticaria: Hives with or without itching
- Dyspnea
- Stridor
- Decreased Oxygen Saturation
- Chest Pain
What causes febrile reaction to blood transfusions?
Sensitivity of the client’s blood to WBCs, Platelets, or Plasma Proteins
What causes Allergic Reactions to blood transfusions?
Antibody-Antigen Reaction
Where shouldn’t you store blood?
Refrigerator ON THE NURSING UNIT because lack of temperature control may damage the blood
What are some safety measures before undergoing a blood transfusion?
- Verify order is complete and consent to blood product is signed
- confirm Type and Crossmatch, 3-4 days corssmatch expires
- Conduct pre-assessment Vitals and Lung Sounds
- Only pick up blood products from blood bank when you are ready to administer
- Blood products must be kept in the possession of an RN once they reach the unit
How long after receiving the blood from the blood bank, how long before it must be initiated?
The transfusion must be initiated within 30 minutes of receipt by unit
