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Therapeutics > IVs > Flashcards

IVs Flashcards

1
Q

What are some examples of large volumes of fluids?

A

Big IV Bags

Albumin

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2
Q

What is one danger of infusing large volumes of fluid?

A

Hypervolemia

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3
Q

What are two types of intermittent IV infusions?

A

Piggyback- second container is attached to the primary (upper)port of the first container used solely for intermittent infusions; piggyback IV flows second
Tandem- second container is attached to the secondary (lower) port of the first container where fluid is administered intermittently or simultaneously

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4
Q

What is a Volume Control Infusion Set?

A

Small fluid containers attached below the primary infusion containers so that the medication is administered through the client’s IV line.

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5
Q

What is an intravenous push and what is it also called?

A

AKA Bolus- intravenous administration of an undiluted drug directly into the systemic circulation.

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6
Q

Why is an intravenous push used?

A
  • When a medication can’t be Diluted or in an Emergency

- Medication takes effect immediately

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7
Q

What are two major disadvantages to IV Push administration?

A
  • Any error in adminstration cannot be corrected after the drug has entered the client
  • The drug may be irritating to the lining of the blood vessels
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8
Q

What are the size of volume control infusion sets?

A

100 - 150 mL

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9
Q

How do you use an intermittent infusion device?

A

Attached to an intravenous catheter or needle to allow medication administer without requiring a continuous intravenous infusion

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10
Q

Name one drug that is only given in the hospital through a continuous low volume infusion

A

Propofol

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11
Q

What can you use to treat clotting disorders?

A

Platelets Bag

CRYO Bag

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12
Q

What can help introduce clotting factors and you don’t need to worry about blood type?

A

Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP)

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13
Q

What is similar between infiltration and extravasation?

A

Describes IV solution leaks into the tissue or skin around the IV insertion site.

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14
Q

What is the difference between infiltration and extravasation?

A

Infiltration DOESN’T usually cause harm, but the solution may cause redness, swelling, and discomfort around the site.
Extravasation can cause damage to the tissues and painful ulcers or sores.

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15
Q

What are signs and symptoms of Infiltration?

A
  • Coolness of skin around the site
  • Skin blanching
  • Edema
  • Leakage at insertion site
  • Absence of or “pinkish” blood return
  • Difference in size of opposite hand or arm
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16
Q

What are signs and symptoms of Extravasation?

A
  • Same as Infiltration
  • Also includes burning, stinging pain
  • Also includes Blistering, Tissue Necrosis, and Ulceration
17
Q

What is Phlebitis?

A

Inflammation of the vein

18
Q

What are signs and symptoms of phlebitis?

A
  • Redness at the site
  • Skin warm
  • Swelling
  • Palpable cord along the vein
  • Increased in temperature
19
Q

What is a blood transfusion and what is the benefit of it?

A

Introduces whole blood or blood components into venous circulation. Effective in restoring intravascular (blood) volume

20
Q

Which type of blood is considered a universal donor?

A

Type O

21
Q

What type of blood is considered a universal receiver?

A

Type AB

22
Q

What is the Rhesus (Rh) Factor?

A

Antigen is present on most RBCs.
Rh factor present = Rh Positive
Rh factor not present = Rh Negative

23
Q

What is a Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction?

A

The transfusion of ABO- or Rh- incompatible blood that can cause destruction of the transfused RBCs and subsequent risk of kidney damage or failure

24
Q

What are agglutinogens?

Give an example

A

Antigens on red blood cells that promote the clumping of blood cells.

25
Q

What are agglutinins?

Give an example.

A
  • React against the agglutinogens on the cells of other blood groups.
  • Group A has agglutinogen A on its cells and agglutinin anti-B (which reacts with any blood group that has agglutinogen B) in its plasma
26
Q

How do you avoid hemolytic transfusion reaction? What is this process called?

A

Blood from the donor and from the recipient is tested for compatibility. Type or Crossmatch.

27
Q

What amount of time does it take for a bad transfusion is evident?

A

5-15 minutes

- Make sure to stay with the client for this time

28
Q

What do you do when a bad transfusion occurs?

A

Hydrate the client with normal saline and notify the primary care provider. Continue to monitor vital signs

29
Q

What are signs and symptoms of hemolytic reaction in blood transfusion?

A
  • Fever or Chills
  • Flank Pain
  • Reddish or Brown Urine
  • Tachcardia
  • Hypotension
30
Q

What are signs and symptoms of febrile reaction in blood transfusion?

A
  • Fever
  • Warm, Flushed Skin
  • HA
  • Anxiety
  • Nausea
31
Q

What are signs and symptoms for Circulatory Overload in blood transfusion?

A
  • Dyspnea and Orthopnea
  • Hypotention
  • Crackles (rales)
  • Tachycardia
  • Hypertension
32
Q

What are signs and symptoms of Allergic Reaction?

A
  • Flushing
  • Urticaria: Hives with or without itching
  • Dyspnea
  • Stridor
  • Decreased Oxygen Saturation
  • Chest Pain
33
Q

What causes febrile reaction to blood transfusions?

A

Sensitivity of the client’s blood to WBCs, Platelets, or Plasma Proteins

34
Q

What causes Allergic Reactions to blood transfusions?

A

Antibody-Antigen Reaction

35
Q

Where shouldn’t you store blood?

A

Refrigerator ON THE NURSING UNIT because lack of temperature control may damage the blood

36
Q

What are some safety measures before undergoing a blood transfusion?

A
  • Verify order is complete and consent to blood product is signed
  • confirm Type and Crossmatch, 3-4 days corssmatch expires
  • Conduct pre-assessment Vitals and Lung Sounds
  • Only pick up blood products from blood bank when you are ready to administer
  • Blood products must be kept in the possession of an RN once they reach the unit
37
Q

How long after receiving the blood from the blood bank, how long before it must be initiated?

A

The transfusion must be initiated within 30 minutes of receipt by unit

Therapeutics (41 decks)

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