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NUTR 450 Medical Nutrition Therapy I > Medical Terminology: Digestive System > Flashcards

Medical Terminology: Digestive System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

achalasia

A

disorder caused by lack of coordinated movement of esophageal muscles and by the failure of the sphincter muscle at the lower end of the esophagus to relax

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2
Q

achlorhydria

A

absence of HCl in the gastric juice

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3
Q

adhesion

A

union of two surface that are normally separate; also any fibrous gland that connects them

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4
Q

alimentary canal

A

another name for the digestive tract

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5
Q

anastomosis

A

surgical formation of a connection between two parts

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6
Q

anorexia

A

loss of appetite

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7
Q

antrum

A

part of the stomach which lies between the body of the stomach and the pylorus

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8
Q

aphagia

A

loss of the ability to swallow

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9
Q

ascites

A

accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity

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10
Q

bolus

A

food broken down into small pieces and mixed with saliva to form a pasty, chewed lump

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11
Q

borborgmus

A

audible abdominal sounds produced with hyperactive intestinal peristalsis

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12
Q

cardia

A

sphincter between the esophagus and stomach

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13
Q

cholangiography

A

x-ray examination of bile ducts

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14
Q

chyme

A

liquid like material of partially digested food and digestive secretions found in the stomach

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15
Q

colectomy

A

excision of the colon

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16
Q

colonoscopy

A

endoscopic examination of the colon

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17
Q

colostomy

A

surgical creation of an opening between the colon and body surface

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18
Q

cholecystitis

A

excision of the gall bladder

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19
Q

cholelithiasis

A

gallstone formation in the gallbladder or bile ducts

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20
Q

cirrhosis

A

scarring of the liver associated with destruction liver cells

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21
Q

Chron’s disease

A

one of two types of inflammatory bowel disease ; chronic disorder which can occur anywhere along the GI tract but most common in the ileum; characterized by ulcers, fistulas, and fibrotic areas of bowel

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22
Q

deciduous teeth

A

first set of primary teeth; baby teeth

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23
Q

dyspepsia

A

indigestion

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24
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty in swallowing

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25
Q

emaciation

A

extremely underweight

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26
Q

emesis

A

vomitting

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27
Q

endocrine

A

ductless gland that secretes into the bloodstream

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28
Q

enteropathy

A

a disease of the intestine

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29
Q

epigastric

A

above the stomach

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30
Q

eructation

A

belching

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31
Q

esophageal reflux

A

condition occurring when acid-containing stomach contents regurgitate from stomach to esophagus causing the esophagus to become distended

32
Q

esophageal stricture

A

abnormal narrowing of the esophagus

33
Q

exocrine

A

ducted gland that secrete into various organs

34
Q

fissure

A

split in the epithelial surface of the anal canal

35
Q

fistula

A

abnormal passage between two internal organs, or leading to the body surface

36
Q

flatus

A

(Flatulence) air or gas in the intestine that is passed through the rectum

37
Q

Frenulum

A

strip of tissue joining the undersurface of the tongue to the floor the mouth

38
Q

Fundus

A

upper portion of the stomach which normally only contains air

39
Q

gastrectomy

A

excision of all or part of the stomach

40
Q

gastritis

A

inflammation of the stomach

41
Q

gastroenteritis

A

stomach and intestinal inflammation marked by diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, low-grade fever, abdominal cramps, and muscle pains

42
Q

gastroesophageal reflux

A

backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus

43
Q

gastroscopy

A

inspection of the stomach’s interior with a gastroscope

44
Q

gastrostomy

A

surgical placement of a tube into the stomach

45
Q

gavage

A

feeding through a tube into the stomach

46
Q

gingiva

A

gums

47
Q

glossitis

A

inflammation of the tongue

48
Q

hepatitis

A

inflammation of the liver

49
Q

hypogastric

A

below the stomach

50
Q

icterus

A

yellow discoloration of the skin due to elevated bilirubin (jaundice)

51
Q

ileostomy

A

surgical passage through the abdominal wall into the ileum for drainage of fecal material

52
Q

ileus

A

absence of peristalsis in the intestine causing obstruction

53
Q

IBS

A

irritable bowel syndrome; abnormally increased and/or decreased motility of the large and small intestine resulting in diarrhea and/or constipation; spastic colon

54
Q

jejunostomy

A

creation of an opening between the jejunum and the surface of the abdominal wall

55
Q

laparotomy

A

incision through any part of the abdominal wall

56
Q

lavage

A

washing out an organ, example the stomach or bowel

57
Q

lingual

A

tongue

58
Q

lithotripsy

A

ultrasound crushing of calculi in the gallbladder or kidney

59
Q

mastication

A

chewing of food in mouth

60
Q

melena

A

passage of dark-colored, tarry stools, due to the presence of blood altered by the intestinal juices

61
Q

mesentery

A

membrane covering most of the small intestine

62
Q

meconium

A

first elimination of the newborn; consists of mucus, bile, and tissue from the intestine

63
Q

megacolon

A

enlarged colon

64
Q

palate

A

structure that forms the roof of the mouth

65
Q

parotid glands

A

large glands at the angle of the jaw which produce saliva

66
Q

peritoneum

A

membrane that line the abdominal cavity

67
Q

peritonitis

A

inflammation of the peritoneum

68
Q

polyp

A

mass of tissue or projection from the surface of the intestine

69
Q

proctoscopy

A

inspection of the sigmoid and rectum with a proctoscope

70
Q

pylorus

A

sphincter where food leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine

71
Q

reflux

A

backward flow of stomach contents

72
Q

reflux esophagitis

A

inflammation of the esophagus caused by backward flow of stomach acid into the esophagus

73
Q

splenectomy

A

removal of the spleen

74
Q

steatorrhea

A

greater than normal amounts of fat in the feces

75
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

one of the two types of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by ulceration of the colonic mucosa

76
Q

vagotomy

A

surgical transection of the vagus nerve; frequently done to decrease acid secretion of the stomach

77
Q

viscera

A

a large interior organ in a body cavity, especially the abdomen

NUTR 450 Medical Nutrition Therapy I (36 decks)

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