EX 2: Assessment And Interpretation Of Protein Energy Malnutrition

Question 1

Primary energy malnutrition

Answer 1

Inadequate food intake; malnutrition/protein deficiency related to lack of food

Question 2

Three types of malnutrition

Answer 2

1) Acute 2) chronic 3) acute and chronic

Question 3

What percentage of patients become malnourished during hospitalization?

Answer 3

An additional 38% on to the 1/3 that enter the hospital malnourished

Question 3

Two major types of protein energy malnutrition in children?

Answer 3

Marasmus and kwashiorkor

Question 6

Who does primary protein malnutrition effect the most?

Answer 6

Children, growth needs are significant. Babies don’t have energy stores

Question 8

What physiological effects does malnutrition have on children?

Answer 8

1) Permanent cognitive deficits 2) developmental delays 3) behavior- depression and anxiety 4) immune deficiency 5) poor weight gain and growth

Question 9

Nutrition intervention decreases complications overall by what percentage?

Answer 9

14%

Question 10

Clinical characteristics of malnutrition

Answer 10

WMILLF ( weight loss over time, measurable diminished grip strength, insufficient food intake compared with nutrition requirements, loss of muscle , loss of fat, and fluid accumulation)

Question 11

By what percentage does nutrition intervention improve pressure ulcer incidence?

Answer 11

25% reduction

Question 13

What book had a major impact on the practice of nutrition, especially in hospitals?

Answer 13

“Skeleton in the Hospital Closet” by Dr. Charles E. Butterworth; highlighted the prevalence of malnutrition in hospitals, its effect on recovery and prognosis, led to a revolution in assessment.

Question 14

What percentage of hospital patients enter the hospital malnourished?

Answer 14

1 in 3

Question 15

Secondary PEM

Answer 15

Hospitalized patient or persons with an acute or chronic condition; inadequate intake w/increased needs that can’t be met

Question 16

Characteristics of malnutrition in the hospitalized patient

Answer 16

Loss of energy stores, loss of protein stores, vitamin/mineral deficiency

Question 17

Three types of malnutrition (Alliance to advanced patient nutrition)

Answer 17

Starvation-related malnutrition; chronic disease-related malnutrition; acute disease or injury related malnutrition

Question 18

Starvation related malnutrition

Answer 18

Chronic starvation w/o inflammation; pure chronic starvation; anorexia nervosa

Question 19

Chronic disease related malnutrition

Answer 19

Inflammation is chronic and of mild to moderate degree; organ failure, pancreatic cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, sarcopenic obesity

Question 20

Acute disease or injury related malnutrition

Answer 20

Inflammation is acute and of severe degree (ex: major infection, burns, trauma or closed head injury

Question 21

Signs of inflammation: vital

Answer 21

Increased temp, hr, rr

Question 22

Signs of inflammation: laboratory signs

Answer 22

Increased WBC, crp, glucose, decreased albumin

Question 23

How many less days are patients who receive nutritional intervention in the hospital?

Answer 23

2 days less

Question 24

Who is at risk for pressure ulcers?

Answer 24

Patients who are immobile for long periods of time (I.e wheelchair, long term care, the hospitalized)

Question 30

What percentage of patients avoid readmission due to nutritional intervention?

Answer 30

28%